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One of four time spans in geochronology, lasting half a billion years or more
Bridge-like formation along a coast made by wave erosion cutting through both sides of a headland
A natural open space underground, commonly caused by the dissolution of soluble rocks, generally limestone
Fine-grained soil consisting of mineral particles that are less than 0.074 mm in their maximum dimension
Sedimentary rock composed of combustible matter derived from the partial decomposition of plant material
Innermost zone of Earth consisting of two parts; an outer liquid section and an inner solid section
An uplift or anticlinal structure, roughly circular in its outcrop exposure, in which beds dip gently away from the center in all directions
Sharp spire of rock formed as glaciers in several cirques erode into a central mountain peak
Molten rock that flows at the Earth’s surface
The amount that a stream carries at any one time
Ten-point scale of mineral hardness
Granular ice formed by the recrystallization of snow
A vertical conduit through the Earth’s crust below a volcano, through which magma has passed
Bar of rock, sand, coral or similar material, lying beneath the surface of water
A valley caused by extension of the Earth’s crust
An aggregate of one or more minerals in varying proportions
All unconsolidated materials above bedrock
A sandy bar built out from the land into a body of water
It is produced as a wave steepens and falls forward as the wave nears the shore
Artificial intersection of the surface and the water table
