Edward 6' 2'' was a tall man for his era, earning him this nickname.
Henry's childhood friend, son of King Henry I's brother, Richard of Cornwall; he would be a close companion through the civil war and later crusade.
1254: In a politically expedient marriage, fearing a Castilian invasion of Gascony, fourteen-year-old Edward is wed to this half-sister of King Alfonso X of Castille, in the Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelga in Castile; Edward receives many titles, and even land from his father, but little wealth or authority.
1254: Just before the marriage, King Henry III gives Edward this duchy, one of the few remnants of the once vast French possessions of the English Angevin kings.
At first Edward was influenced by his mother's relatives, the Savoyards; after 1257 he falls in with this group, also known as the Lusignan; his activities with them raises questions about his character.
1259: After having originally opposed this legislation restricting the authority of the King, he announces support for them and Simon de Montfort; with the King away, Edward makes many appointments which cause his father to suspect he was heading a coup d'état.
Upon his return, the King first refused to speak to his son, but they were reconciled, although Edward, sent to France again, unites with this faction which had been exiled.
After returning from a campaign against the Welsh with limited success, Edward leads an army against this former ally who had returned from exile; his success leads to the Mise of Amiens, largely favourable to the royalists.
1264-67: Edward performed well in this conflict, until he and his father, the King, were given up as hostages after the Battle of Lewes.
1265: De Montfort summons this; it is the first time cities and burghs sent representatives to such an assembly.
Edward escaped and defeated the rebellion, freeing his father, at this battle; he engaged in mopping up the broken resistance.
1270: Parliament agrees to an unprecedented levy of one-twentieth of every citizen's wealth to finance Edward's participation in this, and he departs, landing in Acre the following year.
1270: This French King died of the plague on the way to the Levant, and his forces are bought off to end their participation; Edward is left with a force of only 1000, but decides to complete his oath.
1274: After having led an unsuccessful raid here, which could have served as a bridgehead to Jerusalem, Edward was wounded by a Muslim assassin; though he killed the assassin, he was weakened for several months; he departs for Sicily, where he learns his father had died; on his way home he visits the pope, and puts down a rebellion in Gascony.
In an unusual move, Edward was proclaimed king by hereditary right, and the barons swore allegiance to him, in his absence; he returns from the Crusade and is crowned here.
1274: This Bishop of Bath and Wells, becomes Edwards Lord Chancellor for seventeen years; intent on restoring order Edward also replaces most local officials such as the escheators and sheriffs; this Chancellor engaged in an extensive program of legal reform, earning Edward the nickname of 'Jusinian of England' among some historians.
1274: Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffud refuses to do this to King Edward I and marries the daughter of de Montfort.
1277: Edward invades Wales, with 15,000 infantry, mostly Welsh, one of the largest armies ever assembled by an English king, and defeats Llywelyn ap Gruffud; the Treaty of Aberconwy allows Llywelyn to retain this title, but strips him of all land, save Gwynedd.
1278: The Statute of Gloucester challenged baronial rights by reviving the system of these royal touring justices.
Edward commissioned these, often considered an attempt to produce a second Domesday Book; they defined royal rights and possessions and reveled administrative abuses.
1280: After killing about 300 of their leaders the year before in a crack-down on coin-clippers, Edward orders all of these people to attend special sermons, preached by Dominican friars, hoping to convert them.
1282: Wales rises in rebellion and Edward invades; at first Edward's forces are beaten, but Llwyelyn is killed at this batle, and the next year the revolt is put down.
1284: By this, the Principality of Wales was incorporated into England, and given an administrative system like the English with counties policed by sheriffs; new towns were created and colonised by the English.
Castles were built to fortify Wales; these were introduced in castle walls drawing on Eastern influence; also four of the eight castles built were concentric, also a product of the Crusades.
1284: This son of King Edward and future King was born at Caernarfon Castle making a statement about English permanence in Wales.
1286: King Alexander of Scotland dies; it was agreed by this treaty that three-year-old Margaret, the Maid of Norway and heir to the Scottish throne should marry the one-year-old son of Edward, though Scotland would remain free of English overlordship.
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(EM) Means English Monarch
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