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Valdivia was the city most affected, although damage was widespread. Magnitude 9.5; est. 6000 deaths. Also 2010 (8.8), 1922 (8.7), 1906 Valparaiso Earthquake (8.2; 3,760 dead); 1939 Chillán Earthquake (7.7; up to 50,000 dead)
2004
Off coast of Sumatra. Magnitude 9.3; caused 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami; est. deaths vary widely, from 231,000 up to nearly 300,000. Many other earthquakes.
1964
Alaska. Magnitude 9.2; 131 deaths. Also San Francisco, 1906 (7.9; 3,000+ dead in earthquake and resulting fire); Loma Prieta, 1989 (6.9; 63 killed); Northridge, 1994 (6.7; 57 killed)
1952
Kamchatka. Magnitude 9.2. Many deaths. Also Neftegorsk, Sakhalin Island, 1995 (7.1; ~2000 killed)
2011
Off coast of northern Honshu, near Sendai. Magnitude 9.0; est. 10,000+ deaths. Also Sanriku, 1933 (8.4, 3000+ deaths); Great Kanto, 1923 (7.9, 100,000-142,000 dead); Great Hanshin, 1995 (6.8; 6,434 killed)
1906
Off Ecuadorian coast near Esmeraldas. Magnitude 8.8; 500-1,500 dead (mostly in Colombia due to tsunami).
1950
Rima, Tibet; Assam State in India also affected. Referred to as '1950 Medog Earthquake.' Magnitude 8.6; est. deaths up to 3,300. Also Sichuan, 2008 (7.9; 87,476 dead or missing); Gulang, 1927 (7.9; 40,000-200,000 dead); Tangshan, 1976 (7.5-7.8; up to 779,000 dead--the second deadliest earthquake of all time); Haicheng, 1975 (7.3; 1,328 killed)
2001
Southern Peru. Magnitude 8.4; 75 confirmed dead. Also 2007 (8.0, 519 confirmed dead); Ancash, 1973 (7.9; 100,000 dead in earthquake and resulting landslides)
1903
Magnitude 8.3. Also Ierissos, 1932 (7.0; 491 killed); Kefalonia and Zakynthos, 1953 (7.2; 476 killed)
1918
Magnitude 8.2. Also Moro Gulf, 1976 (magnitude 8.0, est. 5,000-8,000 deaths); Luzon, 1990 (magnitude 7.7; 1,621 dead)
1994
Magnitude 8.2
1934
Bihar State in India also affected (earthquake referred to as '1934 Bihar Earthquake'). Magnitude 8.1; est. deaths 10,500 or 30,000.
1957
Govi-Altai Province. Magnitude 8.1; 30 deaths.
1935
Ali Jaan (near Quetta), Balochistan, then-British India. Magnitude 8.1; 30,000-60,000 deaths. Also Azad Kashmir, near Muzaffarabad, Pakistan-administered Kashmir, 2005 (7.6; 79,000+ dead)
2007
Near Gizo Island. Magnitude 8.1. 52 killed in resulting tsunami.
2009
Magnitude 8.1. 189 killed by tsunamis in Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga.
1970
Magnitude 8.0
1971
Magnitude 8.0. Also Aitape, 1998 (7.0; 2,200 killed in tsunami)
1985
'Great Mexican Earthquake'; heavy damage in Mexico City despite epicenter being under Pacific ocean 350 km away. Magnitude 8.0; est. deaths 10,000-40,000.
1946
Samana. Magnitude 8.0; ~100 dead.
1911
Kebin, then-Russian Turkestan. Magnitude 7.8; 452 dead, mostly in landslides.
1969
Epicenter west of the Strait of Gibraltar. Magnitude 7.8; 13 dead.
1939
Erzincan Province. Magnitude 7.8. 32,962 killed in earthquake, aftershocks, and floods. Also Izmit, 1999 (magnitude 7.6; 17,127 killed according to official estimate)
1900
Magnitude 7.7
1912
Magnitude 7.7
Year
Country
Notes
1931
Hawke's Bay. Magnitude 7.7; 256 killed. (The 2011 Christchurch Earthquake had a magnitude of 6.3; 166 people were killed, with about 200 missing, as of March 6.)
1941
Magnitude 7.7. Also Gujarat, 2001 (7.6; 20,023 killed)
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