Trephining already in use as a surgical procedure
Breast cancer is first described
Hippocrates, Father of Medicine, formulates his eponymous Oath
Acupuncture first appears in surviving Chinese textual records
Galen proposes theories which dominate European thought for the next 14 centuries
Rhazes makes great strides in the development of virology, pharmacology, and medical ethics
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) completes his Canon of Medicine
The Black Death confounds all attempts to mitigate the world's deadliest pandemic
Andreas Vesalius conducts a public dissection of a deceased human
Li Shizhen drafts his compendium of Ming Chinese herbology, Bencao Gangmu
Tobacco first identified as a cause of cancer
Edward Jenner perfects the concept of the vaccine
Medical journal The Lancet is first published
James Young Simpson demonstrates the use of chloroform as an anasthaetic
Joseph Lister publishes his findings relating to antiseptic surgery
Aspirin first manufactured by German pharmaceutical giant Bayer
Paul Ehrlich develops Salvarsan, the first magic bullet
The antibiotic penicillin is discovered by Alexander Fleming
Donald Triplett receives the first diagnosis of autism
Jonas Salk's polio vaccine is introduced
Christiaan Barnard performs the first heart transplant
The first clinical observation of AIDS is made
California legalises the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes
Life expectancy among males in the United States falls for a second year running as a result of the ongoing opioid epidemic
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