| True or false: it is impossible to add a single species of ion to a solution by itself? |
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| True or false: the amount of each component in plasma remains completely constant unless it is added or removed from outside? |
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| True or false: pure water is pH neutral at 37*C? |
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| What is the name of a useful way to visualize ion concentrations in watery solutions and illustrate electroneutrality? |
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| What is the usual measure of CO2 concentration? |
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| ____ and ___ are the primary determinants of the concentration of H+ and of acid base behaviour in body fluids? |
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| What should the normal SID be approximately in mEq/L? |
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| If I add the concentration of A- to the concentration of Lac-, what would I get? |
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| SID= (___ + ___) - (___ + ___) |
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| concentration of Lac- generally =? |
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| What is the leading cause of mortality in dairy calves? |
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| Approximatel 0.2 L/kg BW is a good approximaion of the ECF fluid in ____ and ___, whereas ____ and ____ are closer to 0.4L/kg BW. |
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| Suckle reflex would be poor at _-_% dehydration, and absent at __-__%. |
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| IV fluids are required treatment for any dehydration over _% |
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| A calf over 1 week old and a calf under one week old have the same clinical signs including diarrhea. Which is likely more acidotic? |
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| Approximately how many x the volume of hypertonic saline solution administered must you give orally or IV before or after HSS administration? |
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| Which one of the following is NOT one of the big six causes of diarrhea in calves under 21 days old? |
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| Of the big 6 causes of calf diarrhea, which one will likely strike calves under 4 days old? |
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| What two viruses of the big six tend to strike between 4-21 days? |
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| Of the six major causes of calf diarrhea, what is the only one associated with crypt atrophy? (As well as villous atropy and secretory diarrhea) |
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| what three of the big six causes of calf diarrhea are asosciated with villous atrophy? |
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| True or false: hypoglycemia may cause opisthotonus |
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| True or false: approximatley 30% of sick calvves iwth diarrhea are bacteremic? |
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| True or false: the lower the SID in an oral electrolyte solution, the higher the success rate of treating diarrhea calves? |
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| What should always form a component of treatment for a diarrhea calf, to 'feed the gut' and facilitate repair of epithelium? |
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| Decreased SID causes metabolic _____ |
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| Increased SID causes metabolic _______ |
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| Decreased A- causes ______ ______ and tends to decrease ___ ____ |
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| True or false: if A- and SID decrease simultaneously you might appear to have a normal acid base picture? |
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| Why should IV potassium ion administration not exceed 0.5 mEq/kg/h? |
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| FPT is defined as calf serum IgG concentration of less than __ g/L |
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| True or false: between 25-41% of calves exhibiting FPT is not at all unusual |
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| Newborn calves require between __ and ___ g of immunoglobulins in 3-4 colostrum, best within 2h of birth? |
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| True or false: a short maternal dry period is a risk factor for FPT? |
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| True or false: in general, the zinc sulfate turbidity test will overestimate Ig levels in the calf? |
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| What is the gold standard for Ig level identification? |
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| If a calf with FPT is over 18 hours old, you should treat with IV ___ ____ or ____ |
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| Plasmalyte tends to be _______, while LRS tends to be ______? |
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| Of the aforementioned IV fluid options, what would you choose for a diarrhea calf with acidosis? |
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