The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier (Like fill in the blank questions)
A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned (Like multiple choice questions)
A measure of memory that assess the amount of time saved when learning material again
The process of getting information into the memory system
The process of retaining encoded information over time
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of info processing for many functions
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten (Such as a phone number)
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information received from long-term memory
Retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and 'declare' (Also called 'Declarative Memory')
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection (Also called 'Nondeclarative Memory' or 'Procedural Memory')
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. (Also called 'retrieval practice effect' or 'test-enhanced learning')
Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
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