2015 - for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites; for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria
2014 - for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain
2013 - for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells
2012 - for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent
2011 - for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity; for hisdiscovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity
2010 - for the development of in vitro fertilization
2009 - for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase
2008 - for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer; for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus
2007 - for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells
2006 - for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA
2005 - for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease
2004 - for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system
2003 - for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging
2002 - for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'
2001 - for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle
2000 - for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system
1999 - for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell
1998 - for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system
1997 - for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection
1996 - for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence
1995 - for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development
1994 - for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells
1993 - for their discoveries of split genes
1992 - for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism
1991 - for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells
1990 - for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease
1989 - for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes
1988 - for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment
1987 - for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity
1986 - for their discoveries of growth factors
1985 - for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism
1984 - for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies
1983 - for her discovery of mobile genetic elements
1982 - for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances
1981 - for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres; for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system
1980 - for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions
1979 - for the development of computer assisted tomography
1978 - for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics
1977 - for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain; for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones
1976 - for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases
1975 - for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell
1974 - for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell
1973 - for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns
1972 - for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies
1971 - for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones
1970 - for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation
1969 - for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses
1968 - for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis
1967 - for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye
1966 - for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses; for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer
1965 - for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis
1964 - for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism
1963 - for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane
1962 - for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material
1961 - for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea
1960 - for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance
1959 - for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid
1958 - for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events; for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material
1957 - for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal m
1956 - for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system
1955 - for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes
1954 - for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue
1953 - for his discovery of the citric acid cycle; for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism
1952 - for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis
1951 - for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it
1950 - for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects
1949 - for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs; for his discovery of the therapeutic value of l
1948 - for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods
1947 - for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen; for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metaboli
1946 - for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation
1945 - for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases
1944 - for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres
1943 - for his discovery of vitamin K; for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K
1939 - for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil
1938 - for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration
1937 - for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid
1936 - for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses
1935 - for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development
1934 - for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia
1933 - for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity
1932 - for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons
1931 - for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme
1930 - for his discovery of human blood groups
1929 - for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin; for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins
1928 - for his work on typhus
1927 - for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica
1926 - for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma
1924 - for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram
1923 - for the discovery of insulin
1922 - for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle; for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lacti
1920 - for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism
1919 - for his discoveries relating to immunity
1914 - for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus
1913 - in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis
1912 - in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs
1911 - for his work on the dioptrics of the eye
1910 - in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances
1909 - for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland
1908 - in recognition of their work on immunity
1907 - in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases
1906 - in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system
1905 - for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis
1904 - in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged
1903 - in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical
1902 - for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combatin
1901 - for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the ha
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