History Quiz / HCHS Sociology 3

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A theory, creed, or dogma that seeks to comprehend the universe and man's place in it, god or gods, and the supernatural

Small group of followers surrounding a charismatic religious leader

Group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs (typically regarded as heretical) from those of a larger group to which they belong

Structured inequality characterized by groups of people with differential access to the rewards of society b/c of their relative position in the social hierarchy

Societal construct that involves the attribution of hereditary differences to human populations that are genetically distinct

Ranked statuses within a society

Ability of a given individual or group to move through the social strata

Collective emotional response to tension and anxiety in a group (i.e. witch trials, Red Scare)

Collective action caused by the overwhelming feeling & awareness of needing to escape a dangerous situation immediately (i.e. fire in a building)

Collective behavior in which people become obsessed with wanting something b/c of the belief that 'everyone else has it' (i.e. certain toys at Christmas that people fight over)

Short-term obsession with a behavior that is unexpected & widely copied (i.e. planking, streaking)

Widely held beliefs, styles, & attitudes toward dress, hair styles, music, shoes,...

Piece of unconfirmed public information that may or may not be accurate

Type of crowd that is easily bent to taking aggressive action of a violent or disruptive nature/generally spontaneous in nature

Civil disorder often in reaction to a perceived grievance by those in authority/typically involve violence & vandalism/large numbers of people, may last long time, not spontaneous

Theory by LeBon/contends that crowds create a distinct environment that influences members freeing them from responsibility & social restraints/crowd develops collective mind

Crowd theory that contends that individuals, not the crowd, possess particular motivations/similar motivations lead to mass action

Developed by Turner & Killian/individuals in crowds construct new norms which are then adopted by entire group (i.e. one person throws a rock at police, then others follow suit)

Sector of economy involved in extraction of raw materials & natural resources (i.e. mining, farming, hunting)

Sector of economy that turns raw materials into manufactured goods (i.e. building furniture, refining oil into gasoline, steel production0

Service sector of economy (i.e. teachers, nurses, actors, plumbers,...)

1996 article published by Social Text (postmodern journal) by NY University physicist titled Transgressing the Boundaries/complete nonsense/humiliated journal

When a person alternates between patterns of speech when speaking (i.e. you don’t talk to your mother in same way to talk to your friend or your minister vs. your siblings)

Coined by Durkheim/condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals/breakdown of social bonds between an individual and the community

Study of meaning-making, sign processes & meaningful communication/3 branches are semantics, sytactics, pragmatics/closely related to linguistics/Umberto Eco studied this

Title of 1956 book by Mills/name for leaders of military, corporate, & political elements of society who manipulate & control ordinary citizens (according to Mills)

All reality is created by social factors

All social phenomena are created by social factors

All social phenomena have a social explanation

Experiment that seeks to examine people's reactions to violations of accepted social rules or norms/most commonly with ethnomethodology & Harold Garfinkel/includes Milgram's

Computational model for simulating actions-interactions of autonomous agents (individuals or groups) to assess effects on whole system/combines computational sociologyw/game theory

Study of methods people use for understanding and producing the social order in which they live

Branch that uses computationally intensive methods to analyze & model social phenomena/uses computer simulations, artificial intellegence, stats, & social network theory

Term most closely associated with sociologist Max Weber/formed from characteristics of a phenomena, but not perfection/tool for comparative sociology

Methodology that was key to 2011 Wal-Mart Stores v. Dukes gender bias case/Supreme Court sided w/Walmart & rejected class action suit brought by Betty Dukes & 1.6 million females