occurs when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources such as food, water, light, and space
occurs when a member of one species (predator) feeds directly on all or part of a member of another species (prey)
occurs when one organism (parasite) feeds on another organism (the host), usually by living on or in the host
an interaction that benefits both species by providing each with food, shelter, or some other resource
an interaction that benefits one species but has little to no effect on the other
the most common interaction between species for limited resources
each species role in its ecosystem
occurs when species competing for similar scare resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to share resources by using parts of them or using them at different times,
this is the kind of relationship a brown bear and a salmon
using poisons to paralyze prey or to deter predators.
where nonpoisonous organisms gain protection by looking like poisonous ones
when populations of 2 different species interact in such a way over a long period of time develop changes in the gene pool of the other
a way to navigate and locate prey using pulses of high-frequency and high-intensity sound which bounces off objects, and the returning echoes tell them where their prey is located
plants like orchids and bromeliads which attach themselves to the trunks or branches of large trees in tropical and subtropical forests
the normally gradual change in species composition in a given area
involves the gradual establishment of biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil in a terrestrial ecosystem or no bottom sediment in an aquatic one
where a series of communities or ecosystems with different species develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment
bringing back an ecosytem to its original form after being degraded. Secondary ecological succession after a fire is natural restoration
species which colonize previously uncolonized land, usually leading to ecological succession
is a biological community of plants and animals which, through the process of ecological succession
the ability of a living system to survive moderate disturbances
the ability of a living system to be restored through secondary successioin after a more severe disturbance
a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species
its distribution of individuals among various age groups
The entire set of conditions, such as air temperature or soil moisture, under which an organism is potentially able to survive
a number of physical/chemical factors that help determine the number of organisms in a population
too much/too little of any physical or chemical factor can limit or prevent growth of a population, even if all the factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance
combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population
the maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely
starts slowly but then accelerates as the population increases, because the base size of the population is increasing
when the population suffers a sharp decline
the number of individuals in a population found in a particular area or volume
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