| hint | answer |
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| potassium sparing diuretics act distally (cortical collecting duct) and block aldosterone's habit of dumping K+ for Na+. amiloride and bactrim inhibit ENaC. Who antagonizes aldoste | |
| syndrome caused by gain of function mutation leading to HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, low renin, low aldosterone | |
| presents with Pressure (HTN), pain (HA), perspiration, palpitation, pallor, paroxysm | |
| lumpy bumpy IgG & C3, subepithelial humps, nephritic syndrome | |
| first line drug class for DM nephropathy | |
| pH 7.56, Na 141, K+ 4.1, Cl 105, HCO3 26, PaCO2 60, PaO2 70. acute or chronic respiratory acidosis? | |
| otherwise healthy person collapses/presents with neurologic dysfunction after running a marathon. give H20 (D5W), 0.9%m NaCl, or 3% NaCl?? | |
| name a cause of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis | |
| older gentleman with weak stream progressing to oliguria/anuria. FeNA high or low? | |
| nephrotic syndrome, older men, type II hypersensitivity to phospholipase A2 on podocytes; granular IgG/C3, subepithelial deposits | |
| nephrotic syndrome, circulating factor directly damages podocytes, HIV/heroin association, IgM & c3 trapped in glomerulus | |
| nephrotic syndrome, T-cell derived circulating factor causes damage to podocytes; no IF findings; tends to recur | |
| pH 7.30, Na 139, K+ 3.9, Cl 104, HCO3 10. what do you expect PaCO2 to be? | |
| | hint | answer |
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| name the syndrome: global or nodular mesangial sclerosis, thicking of glomerular & tubular GBM (leading to effacement of foot proceses & tubular atrophy), hyalinosis of renal ateri | |
| nephritic syndrome of older men with no IF pathology or EM pathology (aside from GBM gap), caused by a type III hypersensitivity | |
| person comes in with rash, eosinophilia, fever 2 wks after introduction to a new drug (This is AIN, a type of TIN). name one of the causative drugz | |
| nephrotic syndrome in young women, circulating immune complex, tram tracking IgG/C3, subendothelial deposits, mesangial interposition, HCV | |
| nephritic syndrome caused by type II hypersensitivity to collagen type IV, linear IgG and C3 deposits | |
| AKI: FENa less than 1%, BUN/creatinine greater than 20. pre-renal, renal, or post-renal? | |
| like math? pH 7.29, Na 140, K 4.1, Cl 104, HCO3 12. AG = ?? | |
| MCC ESRD; progresses from hyper-filtration to GBM thickening to microalbuminurea to NS to ESRD | |
| most sensitive test for pheochromocytoma | |
| so, amphoteracin B causes RTA type I (distal hypokalemic), bactrim causes type IV (distal hyperkalemic). which of our diuretics causes type II (proximal hypokalemic)? | |
| this hormone causes the insertion of ENaC's into apical membrane in cortical collecting duct principal cells. | |
| nephritic syndrome with mesangial deposits/proliferation, slow progression, poor prognosis | |
| pt is vomiting. expected resultant acid/base disturbance? | |
|
kcwill
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