b. 490 BC; Greek; Father of Rhetoric; Contribution: The Four Classical Elements
b. 500 BC; Greek; 'Everything is in flux and nothing stays the same.'
b. 490 BC; Greek; Contribution: Paradoxes illustrating that nothing changes
b. 469 BC; Greek; 'I know that I know nothing;' Contribution: Eponymous method of asking questions in order to arrive at truth
b. 428 BC; Greek; 'Until kings become philosophers, or philosophers kings, there is no hope for the state;' Contributions: Forms, Allegory of the Cave
b. 384 BC; Greek; Father of Metaphysics; Contribution: Categorization of types of governments based upon number ruling and level of corruption
b. 384; Roman; 'Reserve your right to think.'
b. 1225; Italian; 'All power derives from the Lord;' Contribution: Categorization of levels of knowledge of God
b. 1469; Italian; Often misquoted as saying, 'The ends justify the means,' Author of 'The Prince'
b. 1588; English; 'Every man has a right to everything, even to one another's body,' Author of 'The Leviathan'
b. 1596; French; 'Cogito, Ergo Sum,' Contribution: Mind/Body Dualism
b. 1652; Dutch; 'God is the cause of all things which are in Him'
b. 1632; Engish; 'All mankind, who will but consult it, that all being equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions,'
b. 1712; Genevan; 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains,' Contribution: The Social Contract
b. 1711; Scottish; Father of Empiricisim
b. 1724; German; 'Understanding can perceive nothing, the sense can think nothing. Knowledge arises from their united action,' Contribution: The Categorical Imperative
b. 1748; English; Contribution: The Hedonistic Calculus
b. 1788; German; 'Life must be some kind of mistake,' Contribution: The Philosophy of the Will
b. 1770; German; 'The truth is the whole,' Contribution: The Dialectic
b. 1818; Danish; Father of Existentialism; 'Life is not a problem to be solved, but a reality to be experienced,' Author of 'Fear and Trembling'
b. 1844; German; 'God is dead,' Contribution: The Superman and the Will to Power
b. 1889; Austrian; 'The limits of my language are the limits of my mind. All I know is what I have words for.'
b. 1905; French; 'Everything that exists is born for no reason, carries on living through weakness, and dies by accident,' Author of 'No Exit'
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