| Holding | Supreme Court Case |
|---|
| Racial quotas in college admissions are not permissible, although a state interest in diversity can be compelling. | |
| Employers cannot be sued for race or gender pay discrimination after 180 days. | |
| Laws banning consensual sodomy in private are unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause and under rational-basis scrutiny. | |
| A person charged with a criminal offense is entitled to an attorney. | |
| Wearing armbands in school is symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment. | |
| A banner reading 'Bong Hits for Jesus' is not protected speech under the First Amendment. | |
| The Supreme Court has the right to decide who wins the presidential election. | |
| Speech that falls in the category of 'fighting words' can be regulated by the State. | |
| The death penalty in its current form is cruel and unusual punishment. | |
| The reapportionment of congressional districts is not a political question, but is under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. | |
| Laws banning interracial marriage are unconstitutional under both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause. | |
| Speech that poses a 'clear and present danger' can be subject to regulation by Congress. | |
| Government-directed prayer in public schools, even if voluntary and non-denominational, violates the Establishment Clause. | |
| Law that criminalized consensual anal and oral sex is constitutional. | |
| Laws that are constitutional under the Establishment Clause must have a secular purpose, must not advance or inhibit religion, and must not result in 'excessive entanglement.' | |
