a Chinese herb that comes from a leafless, desert shrub known as the horsetail plant |
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a name for a tea containing ephedra, used in the westward expansion of the US |
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Main ingredient in ma huang |
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synthetic form of ephedrine developed by Alles in 1927 |
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amphetamine marketed in 1932 as a nonprescription inhalant for asthma |
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a (now banned) drug that was sold as a safe alternative to ecstacy |
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Another compound found in Ma huang |
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A type of tea; early khat administration method |
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Catha ________; the plant that khat comes from |
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modified main ingredient of khat, synthesized in the Soviet Union in 1930 to treat depression |
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Khat is especially popular in this country |
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The part of the coca plant that is used for drug extraction |
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the first wine containing cocaine (7mg/oz) from 1863 |
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The man who made French Cola Wine and later, Coca Cola |
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cocaine intermediate of cocaine and kerosene. May be smoked |
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Cocaine ________; 99% pure cocaine. May be injected or snorted |
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inability to produce dopamine during cocaine binges leading to temporary cessation of rewarding effects |
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Coca was used in this ancient empire. Initially it was a symbol of wealth, power, and religious influence |
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tablet form of amphetamine marketed in 1937 |
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A more potent form of amphetamine synthesized in 1919 |
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the combination of heroin and amphetamine (or methamphetamine and cocaine) |
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the antiobesity drug Preludin, briefly popular in the early 1970’s |
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Street name for methamphetamine when it is smoked |
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Street name for methamphetamine when it is inected |
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Street name for methamphetamine when it is used by male homosexuals |
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Chronic amphetamine use often led to psychotic behavior and aggression, leading to users being called this |
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The most common percent estimate of ADD pill prevalence in US universities and colleges |
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Percent of all pregnancies in the US in the 70’s involved barbituate exposed moms |
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unpredictable swings between intense emotion and a blunted effect, hallucinatory phenomena, and paranoid ideation |
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speed/crank bugs, feelings of small insects crawling on or under your skin (called white snakes by Freud) |
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an inability to experience pleasure from normally pleasurable life events |
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GBR 12909/Vanoxerine treats this mental illness |
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impedes catabolism of GABA. Prevents cocaine induced place preferences and increases outcome for stimulant treatment |
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Appetite reduction effects are also called this |
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Stimulants act primarily on this neurotransmitter |
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The most important dopamine receptor in regards to rewarding effects of stimulants |
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a drug that depresses the activity of the CNS and has medical uses of relieving anxiety and inducing sleep |
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substance designed to blunt or alleviate feelings of anxiety |
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Introduced for the treatment of epilepsy in 1857, popular until the early 1900’s |
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synthesized in 1832. It’s an early version of a date rape drug. Primarily used as a sleep inducing agent in the form of syrups or capsules |
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chloral hydrate combined with alcohol |
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the active ingredient of chloral hydrate |
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used as a sedative and anticonvulsive for more than 100 years. Also used in the control of alcohol withdrawl |
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used to reduce sex drive (epilepsy resulting from masturbation), and as a hangover remedy |
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Barbituric acid was synthesized from urea and this acid found in apples |
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________barbituric acid; made in 1903, known as barbital or Veronal. Very popular in medicine to facilitate sleep and has daytime anxiolytic properties |
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Blue colored intermediate acting barbituate, synthesized in 1923. Its been used as a truth serum |
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Yellow. Short acting barbituate |
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Red. Short acting barbituate |
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A red and blue combination of barbituates; called christmas trees or rainbows |
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Modifications to this position of barbituric acid molecules forms barbituates |
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Short acting barbituates are short acting because they are more ________ |
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Barbituate use declined because of the introduction of these drugs |
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Barbituates enhance the inhibitory actions of this neurotransmitter |
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synthesized in India as an antimalarial drug. Gives a heroin like high, has no medical value and high abuse potential |
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taking ludes with a lot of booze |
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associated with the first use of the word tranquilizer. One of the most widely prescribed drugs through the 60’s |
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a prescription muscle relaxant that is transformed into meprobamate in the body |
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the second, and most popular benzo |
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an intermediate acting benzo that heroin addicts like |
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roofies, the date rape drug. Illegal and mostly smuggled from Mexico |
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a widely prescribed sleeping pill in 1983 that caused aggressive dyscontrol, a rage reaction |
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accounted for 1/3 of benzo ER visits (Benzo visits account for 30% of total visits) |
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a benzo antagonist. It binds the benzo receptor on the GABA receptor complex |
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Benzos are minor tranquilizers, these are major |
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liquid ecstacy, easy lay, nature’s Quaalude. Similar effects to benzos and barbituates. Used in the treatment of narcolepsy |
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a symptom of narcolepsy, a sudden loss of muscle tone |
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converted in the body to easy lay; some drug dealers sell this instead |
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One molecule of glucose acted upon by yeast in the presence of heat and the absence of oxygen produces this many molecules of ethanol and an equal amount of CO2 |
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Fermented honey, the first intentionally produced alcoholic drink |
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Egyptians attributed the invention to this god (of the afterlife) |
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The cult of ________ was devoted to heavy drinking in Greek times |
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The highest percent alcohol content of a fermented beverage |
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Distilled beverages from Italy in the 1200's were called this |
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Gin is made from potatoes and flavored with this berry |
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This signer of the declaration if independence opposed alcohol |
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The organization that caused the enactment of prohibition in Canada (1918) and the US (1919) |
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A leading figure in the fight against alcohol in the US during the late 1800's; Carrie ________ |
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The percent of people in westernized societies who have consumed alcohol at some point in their lives |
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Canada's rank in world per capita consumption of alcohol |
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The risk for suicide is this many times greater in alcoholics |
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Women tend to seek treatment after shorter drinking histories than me, so their drinking is said to be ________ |
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A machine that produces a fine alcohol mist that is inhaled |
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A majority of ingested alcohol is absorbed by the ________ |
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In the stomach, alcohol is metabolized by alcohol ________ |
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Alcohol produces a loss of coordination and behavioral ataxia due to its effects on this body part |
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Alcoholics get a 'jolly red nose' due to chronic ________ |
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The french paradox refers to their low incidence of this type of disease |
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Alcohol increases this cholesterol eliminator |
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Consumption of alcohol may lower levels of this neurotransmitter, leading to increased levels of impulsive, violent acts |
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A blackout characterized by the inability to recall any memories, even when prompted |
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Blackouts where certain events may be recalled or recalled by cueing |
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Blackouts are likely around BAC's of this level |
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A factor contributing to the likelihood and severity of hangovers, found in higher amounts in colored spirits |
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An accumulation of triglycerides in the liver during alcohol metabolism results in this syndrom |
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A condition characterized by the degeneration of liver cells and thickening of the surrounding tissues. The 3rd leading cause of death in persons 25-65 |
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A condition of reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood |
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Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by a deficiency in this vitamin |
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An end point of Wernicke's encephalopathy associated with actual brain damage |
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The LD50 of alcohol BAC in humans |
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Alcohol exerts its effects on 2 neurotransmitter systems: GABA and this |
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Some alcohol effects may be mediated by these receptors, indicated by enhanced formation of anandamide |
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The ________ effect: alcohol has less of an effect during it's descending phase than it does at equal BAC during the ascending phase |
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The diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse requires this many qualities out of a possible 9 |
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The co-occurrence of 2 or more psychiatric disorders. Seen in 40% of alcoholics |
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Term for alcohol withdrawl |
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Formerly the only drug approved for use in the treatment of alcoholism, based on aversion therapy |
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Another drug used in the treatment of alcoholism; an opiate and endorphin antagonist |
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A drug that reduces alcohol withdrawl and craving |
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A true alcoholic according to Jellinek; a ________ drinker |
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A 28 inpatient program to treat alcoholism; the ________ model |
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Alcohol preferring rats show a heightened preference for solutions containing this |
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Inherited alcoholism occurring primarily in males, with an early onset |
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Alcoholism caused by environmental and genetic factors, occurring in males in females after the age of 25 |
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FH+ individuals show a higher blood concentration of this following the ingestion of alcohol |
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FH+ individuals show a lower activity level of this enzyme that catabolizes neurotransmitters |
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The oddball effect is associated with this evoked positive voltage change |
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The type of FAS features caused by drinking during the first trimester |
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The type of FAS deficiencies caused by drinking during the third trimester |
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A category of deficiency caused by maternal drinking that is more broad than FAS |
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