Period of 'rebirth' of the 15th and 16th Centuries in which artistic and scientific innovation developed
Great Italian artist renowned for his anatomically accurate drawings and paintings
Invention of mid-15th Century which revolutionised the spread of information
Enquiry-based procedure consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses
Revolutionary invention on the battlefield and cause of new forms of trauma for surgeons to deal with
Discovered lands from which new foodstuffs and remedies were brought
Great anatomist working in Padua who challenged Galen's views of the body
Means of getting greater understanding of the internal systems and organs of the body
Vesalius' great work which revolutionised understanding of the human body
Institution in England which regulated autopsies under license from King Henry VIII
Writer of textbook in 16th century for surgeons in English based on the studies of Vesalius and Mondeville's 'Surgery'
Skeletal, Digestive, Reproductive, Nervous, Circulatory, Muscular which appear in Vesalius' book
French military surgeon and writer who influenced a new generation of surgeons
Traditional method of removing bullets which caused immense harm and damage to patients
Pare pioneered the use of these in sealing wounds
New surgical implement pioneered by Pare to help seal arteries and veins
The most important element in surgical procedure before effective anaesthetic
Pare's great work published in France and then throughout Europe
1588 book published by William Clowes, surgeon to Queen Elizabeth I which popularised Pare's methods
Galen said this was the organ where blood was constantly being produced
Galen said there were two sides to this attached by a permeable membrane
Blood vessels which were found to contain valves to regulate one-way flow
English doctor who identified how the heart pumped blood around the body
Harvey's work in which he explained the circulation of blood
Reason why Harvey was subject to criticism from other doctors at the time
Charlatans posing as medical experts to relieve the ill of their money
Future benefits of the pioneering work of Harvey, although little direct benefit was seen at the time
Invention providing new means of exploring body tissue and small organisms
Providers of drugs and remedies to customers
Drug which can prevent malaria which was discovered in the Americas
Drug derived from poppies which arrived in Europe from Turkey
New products from the Americas which were said to have medicinal properties
1653 book by Thomas Culpepper about natural remedies
English doctor who identified many diseases like scarlet fever and stressed observation of symptoms
1665 epidemic which afflicted London
Why animals such as frogs were applied to the body of plague victims
Sensible means of avoiding plague
Documents which identify causes of death and could also show how disease was more prevalent in poor areas
They were employed to look out for people showing symptoms of plague
Means to isolate plague victims from wider population
Enforcers of isolation of plague victims who would put crosses on doors and guard properties
These were lit to try to clear the bad air from scenes of plague
Sensible policy to limit transfer of the plague
Reason for the end of the 1665 plague, rather than the Great Fire in 1666
Action of Henry VIII which disrupted medical care and help for the poor
Hospital in London named after its rich benefactor
These started to be attached to hospitals to improve the quality of care and focus more on cure
Means of funding hospitals by relying on benefactors
Means of funding hospitals by means of payments by potential patients
Part of hospital which could provide medical advice and offer medication for people without admitting them
Founder of a Foundling Hospital for poor orphans
18th century doctor and surgeon famed for his teaching, collection of anatomical specimens and willingness to experiment
Institution which oversaw the development of operations from 1800 onwards
Rural Gloucestershire doctor who found a means to combat smallpox
Traditional method of smallpox prevention by inserting pus from a weak strain of the disease into a person, could cause death and proved expensive
Illness caught by milkmaids which Jenner observed meant they did not then get smallpox
Jenner's method of immunising the body from smallpox
Reason for the refusal of many to be vaccinated based on faith
Reason for criticism of Jenner's by other doctors
Once Jenner's methods had been proven, government policy introduced in 1853
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