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Science Quiz / March52012

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Can you name the CellBioTerms?

by fahim
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AnswerQuestion
 _ are modified as they move from the ER to other parts of the cell.
 The __ moves stuff into the cell to various compartments.
 When oligosaccharides are attached to the modified, _ of the glucoses are removed
 The orientation of transmembrane proteins is for the more positive end of the polypeptide to be exposed to the _
 Sugars and their order and accomplished by a family of membrane-bound enzymes called
 The __ lies just above the RER
 The RER is highly secretory cells is located at the __ level near the blood supply andthe secretory vesicles at the __ end where they can release their contents extracellularly.
 The signal sequence contains _ to _ hydrophobic amino acids
 Materials are shunted from one membrane compartment to another on tracks and are moved by ____.
 Ribosomes in the cytoplasm produce _, _, and _
 The arrangement of the sugars is dependent on the _ _ of the enzymes
 The main intracellular pathways in cells include the ___ and an ____
 The __ moves stuff out of the cell.
 Once the polypeptide formation is complete and the polypeptide is in the _ of the RER, the pore is _ .
 Phospholipids of one type can concentrate in the area where a _ will form
 RER is especially well developed in cells that are highly __.
 To be an integral membrane protein it has to have a _ region
 __ occurs when molecules are placed into vesicles and discharged from the cell only when the cell receives a specific stimulus (signal).
 For multiple spanning transmembrane proteins, the first _ transmembrane section will determine how it is orientated and subsequent transmembrane sections will oreint at _ degree an
 All __ are essentially identical and can be used to make cystolic proteins or proteins made on the RER
 Newly made phospholipids are carried to the _ _ in 'budded' vesicles
 Once the complex of __ binds to the ER, the SRP detaches from the SRP receptor.
 In producing the oligosaccharides to put on a polypeptide, the oligosaccharide is first constructed on a lipid molecule called _, which is embedded in the lipid bilayer
 Completed oligosaccharide is transferred as a block to the _ while the nascent protein is entering the _
 In the lumen of the RER there are numerous _ and _
 Ribosomes on the RER produce _ and _
 A sequence of amino acids, called __ that, when being made as a nascent polypeptide, direct the ribosome to attach to the ER.
 Folding of the polypeptide and formation of disulfide bonds through the cysteine residues completes the _ structure of the polypeptide
 SRP binding temporarily stops any further ___ ___
AnswerQuestion
 List 5 cystolic proteins made on free ribosomes floating around in the cytosol
 As the integral membrane is made, it passes into the _
 If you look at the two lipid bilayers, the phospholipids are _. This is established in the _
 _ and _ get completed in the Golgi complex
 Once the oligosaccharides are attached to the polypeptide, they get _
 The _ is a protein-lined channel in the ER membrane through which the nascent peptide can pass
 The ___ is highly curved and tubular and traverses the cytoplasm.
 Phospholipid heads are modified enzymatically in the _
 Phospholipids of one membrane are transferred to another membrane by _ proteins
 If glycosylation continuously fails, degradation of protein is called _
 The SRP binds to a SRP receptor and the ribosome binds to a _.
 The RER is characterized by having __ on its surface.
 Transport vesicles have 'addresses' and receive sorting signals that are located in the __ of the vesicles.
 Almost all proteins made on the RER become _
 The first few __ being made from the mRNA decide that proteins will be made on free ribosomes or on RER
 The SRP binds to the _ side of the RER
 The SRP binds to the signal sequence of the _ polypeptide and to the _
 Only _ linked oligosaccharides are placed on polypeptides in the RER
 _ have enzymes in them that can convert one phospholipid to another
 All membranes arise from _ membranes
 The SER is extensively developed in __, __, and __
 Sequence of adding sugards for N-linked oligosaccharides
 __ happens continuously, taking molecules to the plasma membrane.
 _ and _ have signal sequences that allow the nascent peptides to enter the lumen of the RER for transport via vesicles to membrane-bound organelles and the plasma membrane.
 _ is critical for intermolecular interactions and for proper folding of proteins
 RER and SER are __ with each other.
 If a protein does not pass inspection from chaperones, a glucose is (added/removed) to the oligosaccharide, and reinspection occurs
 Glycosylated protein have a total of _ glucoses removed and when this happens _ are released
 The __ of the ER is seperated fromthe cytosol by the ER membranes and contains very different materials than in the cytosol.
AnswerQuestion
 Phospholipids are made on the _ side of the ER by _ proteins
 The ___ is associated with the production of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and encompasses various pathways taking materials to the plasma membrane, and to the Golgi complex,
 When the translocon is inactive there is a small __ plugging it, inhibiting passage of calcium and other ions between the _ and the _ of the ER.
 Highly secretory have (more/less) RER than non-secretory cells
 When the signal sequence is produced, it is recognized by a __ which is made up of six distinct poplypeptides and a small __ molecule of RNA.
 O-linked oligosaccharides are put in the _
 In the translocon, there are _(#)_ (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) amino acids located at its narrowest point.
 RER is a network of __, or flattened sacs and is continuous with the __ which also has ribosomes on its cytoplasmic side.
 Once attached, the signal sequences pass through the RER into the __ of the RER through a small channel
 Some phospholipids are destined for the inner leaflet and are flipped by enzymes called
 Most of the time the signal sequence is at the _ terminus of the nasenct peptide but sometimes it can be near the _ of the growing polypeptide
 The _ side of the membrane buds will be found on the _ of the target membrane.
 When the _ terminus of the nascent peptide enters the _ of the RER, the signal is removed by the enzyme _ and _ are added to the polypeptide by the enzyme _
 _ and _ are inserted into new membranes as they are being formed inthe Er and then are used to form _ for virtually all of the sub-cellular organelles.
 The signal sequence of the nascent peptide inserts into the _ and the pore opens
 Proteins that are going to be _ proteins or _ proteins are going to be made on the RER and enter into the _ of the RER
 Disulfide bonds are made between the _ by the enzyme _.
 Glycosyltransferases transfer a specific sugar from a _ sugar to the growing end of the _ chain
 Polypeptides in RER may have _ residues in the reduced state
 When the _ region of the polypeptide gets into the translocon, it can move _ in the lipid bilayer through a _ gate inthe side of the translocon
 Most _ _ are made entirely in the _
 Encompasses those subcellular structures that are membrane bound and participate in production and delivery of materials within the cell and to the exterior of the cells.
 Movements of __ in the cytoplasm are targeted to go to specific sites.
 __, __, and __ that stay in the endomembrane compartment are made on the RER
 The kinds of sugars and their order is precise on _.
 _ molecules examine glycosylated protein for quality control
 Phospholipids can be transported through the cytoplasm by _ to other organelles
 A ___ moves to an ___, fuses with it and transfers its cargo
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