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Science Quiz / Basic Neuroscience

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Can you name the names and functions of the different parts of the brain?

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HintAnswerExtra Info
Take in mRNA and Synthesize ProteinEither free-floating or associated with Rough ER
Nerve Split Towards the Front of the Spinal CordCarries information from the brain to the body
Nervous System Within ANS'Fight or Flight'
Theory That Brain Cells are a Continuous MassProposed by Golgi (he was wrong)
Very Deep Groove
The Wires that Carry Neuron OutputBundles of fibers that make up nerves; variances in diameter affect speed of transfer
Membrane Voltage Maintained by a Cell When not Generating Action PotentialsNeurons have one of -65mV
Front Section of the Brainsoft and squishy, controls sensory information
All Axons Have:An end; have vesicles that carry neurotransmitters
Long Strands of Protein Within the NucleusContain DNA
Water-HatingNonpolar
Makes Signals Travel Faster Down an AxonSticky-Notes wrapped around a pencil
Regions of RNA Used in Coding
The Movement of Electrical ChargeRepresented by I (amps)
Supporting Cells Glue vital to nervous system; 5 major types
String of Amino AcidsChain larger than 20 = a protein!
Electrical Potential The force exerted on a charged particle
Contained Within PNSControls breathing, heart rate, and digestion
The Relative Inability of an Electrical Charge to MigrateRepresented by R, measured in Ohms
Region of Contact Where a Neuron Transfers Info to Another Cell
RNA-Synthesizing EnzymeBinds at Promoter
An Unequal Distribution of the Charge Across a Molecule
Used to Calculate Equilibrium Potential
Transport from Soma to TerminalsTravels via kinesin 'feet' on microtubules
Transport from Dendrites to SomaTravels via chynein 'feet' on microtubules
Wires Made of Bunches of Fibers
Used to Calculate RMP
Transmembrane Protein That is Always Open for Transport
Glial Cell; Forms Myelin Around Axons in Brain & Spinal CordAsymmetrical
Neuron With 1 Neurite
Process or Intron Removal
HintAnswerExtra Info
Produce ATPFats, carbs, proteins, and oxygen go in; ATP comes out
Neuron With 3 or More Neurites
Smallest Cytoskeleton ComponentMade of actin; forms a network beneath the cell membrane
Process of Destroying Pieces of Brain Tube Led to discovery of different sections of the brain
Hollow Spaces Inside the Braincause muscles to move and contain fluid
Stacks of Disc-Shaped MembranesUsed to wrap and package proteins
Nervous System Within ANS'Rest and Digest'
Structure of NeuronProtein strands that give the neuron shape; has 3 parts
Water-LovingPolar
Transmembrane Protein That Actively Transports IonsUse ATP
Transport Along Microtubules
Medium Cytoskeleton ComponentForm a lattice structure used for strength
Back Section of the BrainFirm, used for muscle control
Grooves on the Surface of the Brain
ER Studded with Ribosomes Used for protein synthesis
Central Dogma Process of RNA SynthesisInitiated at the promoter region; stopped at the terminator region
3-Dimensional Folding of a Polypeptide
Purple Stain Showing Cell BodiesDoesn't show anything other than location of cell bodies
Bumps of the Surface of the Brain
The Potential of the Cell at Which There is No Net Movement of Ions
String of Polypeptides
Glial Cell; Defensive Function; Protects against invading organisms
All Axons Have:A middle
Transmembrane Protein That Removes Intracellular Na and Concentrates Intracellular KUses energy in the form of ATP
Coiling of a Polypeptide into an Alpha-Helix
Branch Coming off the Soma that has 2 Types
All Axons Have:A beginning
States That Nerves Can Only Carry Information Unidirectionally
Stacks of Disc-Shaped Membrane
Electrical Force that Makes Ions Move
Specialized Gap Between NeuronsWhere 2 neurons communicate
HintAnswerExtra Info
Relative Ability of an Electrical Charge to Migrate from One Point to AnotherRepresented by g (Siemens, or S)
Sections of DNA Containing Information Needed for Polypeptide Chains
Cellular Fluid Within the Neuron
Positively Charged Atoms or Molecules
The Regions of a Primary RNA Transcript Not Used to Code Protein
Nerve Split Towards the Back of the Spinal CordCarries information from the body to the brain
Central Dogma Process Protein SynthesisFollows genetic instructions carried by mRNA
Glial Cell; Forms Myelin in PNSAsymmetrical; cleans up damage by guiding axons to re-grow and re-connect
Neuron With 2 Neurites
An Even Distribution of the Charge Across a Molecule
Ohm's Law
Chemicals Released From Presynaptic NeuronsElicits a response in the postsynaptic neuron
Contained Within PNSControls sensation and motion
Negatively Charged Atoms or Molecules
Silver Stain Showing Entire Cell Body and Neurites
Membrane Formed by Hydrophobic Tails and Hydrophilic HeadsForms a barrier to water-soluble ions
Various Polypeptides Bonded Together to Form a Larger Protein
All Nervous Tissues(i.e. everything else)
Glial Cell; Nutritive and Support FunctionsStar-shaped and symmetrical; surround and isolate synapses; control fluid around neurons; clean up debris and fill area with glia
Chemical Force that Makes Ions MoveDown the concentration gradient
Inner Matter of the Brain
Brain and Spinal Chord
Transmembrane Protein That is Gated or Non-Gated
Theory That Each Brain Cell is an Individual CellProposed by Cajal; neurons are separated by synapses
Double-Stranded, Antiparallel Nucleotide Polymer
Glial Cell; Secretes Cerebrospinal FluidLines the walls of the ventricles in the brain
Outer Matter of the Brain
Largest Cytoskeleton ComponentThick hollow pipes made of tubulin; used for transport
Little Membrane Balloons (Organelle)Used to transport proteins
'Antennae'; Receives Incoming Signals
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