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Science Quiz / Basic Neuroscience

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Can you name the names and functions of the different parts of the brain?

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HintAnswerExtra Info
Contained Within PNSControls breathing, heart rate, and digestion
Central Dogma Process of RNA SynthesisInitiated at the promoter region; stopped at the terminator region
Relative Ability of an Electrical Charge to Migrate from One Point to AnotherRepresented by g (Siemens, or S)
The Potential of the Cell at Which There is No Net Movement of Ions
String of Polypeptides
Theory That Each Brain Cell is an Individual CellProposed by Cajal; neurons are separated by synapses
Contained Within PNSControls sensation and motion
Negatively Charged Atoms or Molecules
Neuron With 1 Neurite
Transport Along Microtubules
Various Polypeptides Bonded Together to Form a Larger Protein
Neuron With 2 Neurites
All Axons Have:A beginning
RNA-Synthesizing EnzymeBinds at Promoter
Inner Matter of the Brain
The Regions of a Primary RNA Transcript Not Used to Code Protein
The Relative Inability of an Electrical Charge to MigrateRepresented by R, measured in Ohms
Back Section of the BrainFirm, used for muscle control
Regions of RNA Used in Coding
Transmembrane Protein That is Gated or Non-Gated
Double-Stranded, Antiparallel Nucleotide Polymer
Positively Charged Atoms or Molecules
String of Amino AcidsChain larger than 20 = a protein!
Process or Intron Removal
Bumps of the Surface of the Brain
Electrical Potential The force exerted on a charged particle
Transport from Soma to TerminalsTravels via kinesin 'feet' on microtubules
Branch Coming off the Soma that has 2 Types
An Even Distribution of the Charge Across a Molecule
Structure of NeuronProtein strands that give the neuron shape; has 3 parts
Largest Cytoskeleton ComponentThick hollow pipes made of tubulin; used for transport
HintAnswerExtra Info
Coiling of a Polypeptide into an Alpha-Helix
Nerve Split Towards the Front of the Spinal CordCarries information from the brain to the body
Makes Signals Travel Faster Down an AxonSticky-Notes wrapped around a pencil
Wires Made of Bunches of Fibers
Supporting Cells Glue vital to nervous system; 5 major types
Used to Calculate Equilibrium Potential
'Antennae'; Receives Incoming Signals
Glial Cell; Defensive Function; Protects against invading organisms
The Wires that Carry Neuron OutputBundles of fibers that make up nerves; variances in diameter affect speed of transfer
Brain and Spinal Chord
Nerve Split Towards the Back of the Spinal CordCarries information from the body to the brain
An Unequal Distribution of the Charge Across a Molecule
Outer Matter of the Brain
Transmembrane Protein That is Always Open for Transport
Smallest Cytoskeleton ComponentMade of actin; forms a network beneath the cell membrane
Membrane Formed by Hydrophobic Tails and Hydrophilic HeadsForms a barrier to water-soluble ions
Glial Cell; Nutritive and Support FunctionsStar-shaped and symmetrical; surround and isolate synapses; control fluid around neurons; clean up debris and fill area with glia
Water-HatingNonpolar
Stacks of Disc-Shaped Membrane
Glial Cell; Forms Myelin in PNSAsymmetrical; cleans up damage by guiding axons to re-grow and re-connect
Ohm's Law
Specialized Gap Between NeuronsWhere 2 neurons communicate
Transmembrane Protein That Removes Intracellular Na and Concentrates Intracellular KUses energy in the form of ATP
States That Nerves Can Only Carry Information Unidirectionally
Nervous System Within ANS'Fight or Flight'
All Nervous Tissues(i.e. everything else)
Little Membrane Balloons (Organelle)Used to transport proteins
Electrical Force that Makes Ions Move
Nervous System Within ANS'Rest and Digest'
Transmembrane Protein That Actively Transports IonsUse ATP
3-Dimensional Folding of a Polypeptide
HintAnswerExtra Info
Glial Cell; Forms Myelin Around Axons in Brain & Spinal CordAsymmetrical
All Axons Have:An end; have vesicles that carry neurotransmitters
Purple Stain Showing Cell BodiesDoesn't show anything other than location of cell bodies
Transport from Dendrites to SomaTravels via chynein 'feet' on microtubules
Front Section of the Brainsoft and squishy, controls sensory information
Stacks of Disc-Shaped MembranesUsed to wrap and package proteins
Membrane Voltage Maintained by a Cell When not Generating Action PotentialsNeurons have one of -65mV
Grooves on the Surface of the Brain
All Axons Have:A middle
Silver Stain Showing Entire Cell Body and Neurites
Medium Cytoskeleton ComponentForm a lattice structure used for strength
Sections of DNA Containing Information Needed for Polypeptide Chains
Produce ATPFats, carbs, proteins, and oxygen go in; ATP comes out
Central Dogma Process Protein SynthesisFollows genetic instructions carried by mRNA
ER Studded with Ribosomes Used for protein synthesis
Region of Contact Where a Neuron Transfers Info to Another Cell
Chemicals Released From Presynaptic NeuronsElicits a response in the postsynaptic neuron
Neuron With 3 or More Neurites
Theory That Brain Cells are a Continuous MassProposed by Golgi (he was wrong)
Take in mRNA and Synthesize ProteinEither free-floating or associated with Rough ER
Glial Cell; Secretes Cerebrospinal FluidLines the walls of the ventricles in the brain
Very Deep Groove
Long Strands of Protein Within the NucleusContain DNA
Used to Calculate RMP
Chemical Force that Makes Ions MoveDown the concentration gradient
The Movement of Electrical ChargeRepresented by I (amps)
Hollow Spaces Inside the Braincause muscles to move and contain fluid
Cellular Fluid Within the Neuron
Process of Destroying Pieces of Brain Tube Led to discovery of different sections of the brain
Water-LovingPolar
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