Science Quiz / GI Nervous System & Motility

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Can you name the GI Nervous System & Motility?

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Question	Answer
Which cells release serotonin to induce vomiting?
T/F the sympathetic nervous system promotes GI function, whereas the parasympathetic nervous system inhibits it.
The signal from the interstitial cells of Cajal propagates to the smooth muscle cells through which intercellular junctions?
T/F: Although the enteric nervous system can act autonomously, the central nervous system acts to modulate the activity of the GI tract.
What hormone is involved in initiating the MMC?
located between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers
2 excitatory neurotransmitters that modulate function of the GI tract
neurotransmitter of post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers
How frequently does the MMC occur in the absence of food?
this division of the CNS projects to the GI tract from the medulla and the sacral spinal cord
T/F: The hypogastric nerve provides inhibitory input (via a adrenergic) to circular smooth muscle layer and stimulatory input to the longitudinal layer of the GI
Vagovagal reflex from stomach that tells the small intestine to contract
T/F: Sympathetic modulation of the distal GI tract occurs through the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
cells that serve as pacemaker cells,which regulate membrane potential of BER
only occurs in the absence of food
/The hypogastric nerve causes _____ (contraction or relaxation) of the internal anal sphincter through a adrenergic receptors.
occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax normally due to degeneration of the myenteric and/or dorsal motor nucleus or Vagus nerve
lower 2/3rds of the esophagus is made of ____ muscle.
T/F: The change in the electrical potential of the interstitial cells of Cajal translate into the change of smooth muscle contraction of the GI tract.
T/F: Substances move uniformly through the digestive tract,.
T/F: Activation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors on the myenteric plexus enhance smooth muscle activity
Gastroesophageal Reflus disease occurs because of dysfunction to which structure?
arresting the segmentation of the GI tract is known as what?
The gastrocolic reflex is mediated via which nerve (efferent limb)?
medical term for inability to swallow
spinal root levels of the parasympathetic control of the lower GI
contraction of this layer of smooth muscle causes a shortening of a segment of the GI tract

Question	Answer
T/F: Substance P and acetylcholine act to modulate GI function by inducing hyperpolarization in the post-synaptic cells of the GI.
Has a transit time of 1 to 5 hours
has a transit time of 24-48 hours
T/F: The Lower esophageal spincter is voluntarily controlled.
During peristalsis, acetylcholine and substance P at _____ (upstream or downstream) of bolus to initiate contraction.
the ____ control of the GI tract arises primarily from the superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia.
T/F: The vasovagal reflex is important in gastric accommodation.
stool frequency of > 3 times pre day
When threshold is reached in the interstitial cells of Cajal, voltage gated ___ channels are opened, initiating depolarization, in the smooth muscle.
sphincter important for the initiation of swallowing
The pelvic splanchnic nerves cause contraction of the longitudinal smooth muscle layer and relaxtion of the internal anal sphincter through which type of cholinergic receptor?
T/F: Rapid segmentation occurs at the distal end of the GI tract.
efferents of the vagus nerve arise from which nucleus
t/F: Sensory input from the internal anal sphincter occurs via the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Where is the MMC initiated?
T/F: The internal anal sphincter receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
parasympathetic control of the upper GI
T/F; High fat diet, chocolate, peppermint, alcohol and smoking can cause an increase in occurence oif GERD.
Which structure maybe involved in dysphagia
controls external anal sphincter
name the 2 ganglia that are responsible for sympathetic control of the upper GI
a single continuous electrical wave that sweeps one way distally from the stomach that affects all muscles of the GI tract
T/F: activation of the enterochromaffin cells leads to release of serotonin which causes the vomiting reflex
T/F: The sympathetic nervous system provides a low tonic inhibition of the GI tract, while the parasympathetic has a large influence on promoting GI activity
plexus primarily controls secretion and blood flow. It also receives sensory information from chemo and mechano receptors
contraction of this layer of smooth muscle causes a decrease in diameter of the lumen of the GI
This disorder is characterized by heartburn. Occurs due to HCl irritation of esophageal lining

Question	Answer
difficulty swallowing
emesis =
this plexus primarily controls the motility of the GI tract
2 inhibitory neurotransmitters that modulate function of the GI tract
the meissner's plexus is located in which layer of the GI tract wall?
sensory input from the stomach upto the emetic center of the brain occurs primarily via the ____ nerve.
T/F: Adaptive relaxation accounts for the stomach's ability to accommodate an increase in volume without a change in pressure.
chemoreceptor trigger zone is located in the ___ ventricle
Which layer of smooth muscle causes segmentation?
reflex that occurs when there is something in your stomach and efferent signals tell the large intestine to initiate activity
autonomous nervous sytem within the wall of the GI tract that controls secretions, motor activity, sphincters and blood vessels
stool frequenct of < 3 times per week
Important for keeping the GI tract clear of harmful bacteria or residual foodstuffs in the absence of food
are mesenchymal non-neuronal tissue of origin
Which plexus is continuous throughout the GI tract?
reflex arc that involves vagus as the afferent input to the CNS as well as the output to enteric nervous system
T/F:At least 50% of stomach contents are released in 24-48 hours.
During peristalsis, NO and VIP at _____ (upstream or downstream) of bolus to initiate contraction.
Which receptor for serotonin is involved in the vomiting response?
neurotransmitter of post ganglionic sympathetic fibers
name the 2 ganglia that have sympathetic control of the lower GI tract
Which 2 nervous controls are important for gastric accommodation?
upper 3rd of the esophagus is made of ____ muscle
Which hormone is responsible for inducing vomiting?
t/F: The esophagus, colon, and migrating motor complex have long peristaltic waves, while most peristaltic waves are short
cells that acts as mediators to modify motor signals among smooth muscle layers and neurons that control motility (submucosal and myenteric plexuses)

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Created Mar 25, 2012
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