(1803) Established the principle of judicial review in the United States. This happened when Justice Marshall declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional after a man wasn't given his commission to office by .
(1819) Ruled that the 'Necessary and Proper' clause of the Constitution gave the National Government the power to make a national bank This happened when a state tried to make the national bank pay taxes on uncharted notes and the head of the branch refused to do so.
(1919)Ruled that the First Amendment does not protect speech that is clear and present danger and that congress has wartime authority so they can make laws that violate some rights during war times. This happened when American Socialist Party leaders distributed leaflets telling people to disobey the draft but was then charged for violation the Espionage Act of 1917.
(1954) Ruled separate but equal educational facilities for racial minorities is inherently unequal. violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This happened when african american students were denied admittance to certain public schools based on laws that segregated public education by race but was not equal to all races.
(1961) Ruled that state reapportionment claims are justiciable in federal court. This happened when a group sued their state for ignoring economic and population changes when apportioning seats for the state's General Assembly but courts didn't know if they could rule on this issue.
(1962) Ruled that state cannot hold prayers in public schools due to the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, even if participation is not required. This happened when a state school board authorized a prayer to be recited at the beginning of each school day causing multiple organizations to challenge the prayer for violating the establishment clause.
(1963) Ruled that the Sixth Amendment gives everyone the right to assistance of counsel that is convicted of criminal charges in state courts. This happened when a man was convicted of felony breaking and entering but wasn't given an attorney due to state law and was then found guilty so he filed a writ of habeas corpus but was denied by the Florida supreme court so he took the case higher up.
(1969) Ruled that the schools cannot prohibit students' rights of symbolic protest based on the First Amendment. This happened when 3 students were suspended for protesting the Vietnam War with black arm bands so, through their parents, they sued the school district.
(1971) Ruled prior restraint cannot be used by the government to based on the First Amendment. (Punishment can be given after though.) This happened when a media company tried to publish leaked classified documents about former US activity in Vietnam but the government tried to use prior restraint for safety purposes.
(1972) Ruled religious freedom of the First Amendment outweighs the states interest end having the children attend school. This happened when 3 Amish parents were prosecuted because they didn't send their children to public school after the 8th grade.
(1973) Ruled that women have the right to privacy based on previous rulings and autonomy based on the Fourteenth Amendment. This happened when a women wanted to terminate her pregnancy but was prohibited by state law.
(1993) Ruled that states cannot force a majority district on purpose if it is blatantly obvious that they did so based on the Equal Protections Clause of the Fourteen Amendment. This happened a state made an oddly shaped district to force a second black majority district and a group of people from the state challenged the constitutionality of the district.
(1995) Ruled that the Second Amendment does not protect the right to have a firearm in a school zone. This happened when a high schools student brought a concealed firearm to school and broke state law.
(2010) Ruled the Second Amendment applies to the state and local governments so they have to allow the right to bear arms. This happened when people challenged a handgun ban that a city issued for their parks.
(2010) Ruled corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited based on the First Amendment. This happened when an organization made a movie on if a presidential candidate would make a good president but the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act had sections that restricted the movie.
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