| Hint | Name |
|---|
| Danish astronomer who refused the belief in an unchanging celestial realm. He measured that stars were above the atmosphere and moon | |
| The longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1520-66. He personally led Ottoman armies in conquering Belgrade, Hungary, most of the Middle East and North Africa | |
| Italian writer who is considered founder of modern political science and political ethics | |
| The last Sapa Inca before the Spanish conquest. Acting as a marionett for the Spaniards, he was eventually executed, thus ending the empire | |
| British explorer and pirate, who carried out the second circumnavigation of the world 1577-80 | |
| Italian Dominican friar who proposed that the Sun was a star, and claimed that the universe had an infinite number of stars | |
| The initiator of the unification of Japan under the shogunate in the late 1500s | |
| De facto monarch of England for nine days in 1553, as the widow of Edward VI. Imprisoned and succeded by Mary I | |
| Spanish conquistador who hoped to find hoped to find the Seven Cities of Gold, but found Grand Canyon instead | |
| Spanish explorer best known for his crossing of the Panama Isthmus, becoming the first to see the Pacific Ocean from the New World | |
| English philosopher who has been called the creator of empiricism. His works established inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, called the scientific method | |
| Lord Chancellor of England (1529–32) under Henry VIII, and a strong opponent to the Protestant Reformation, later beheaded for perjured testimony in 1535 | |
| The first wife of Ivan the Terrible and the first Russian tsaritsa. Her boyar father gave his name to the Romanov Dynasty | |
| This man was the last ruler of the Aztec Empire when he was executed in 1525 | |
| Ruler of Tenochtitlan 1502-20. During his reign the Aztec Empire reached its maximal size, but he was killed in a battle versus the Spaniards under Hernan Cortes | |
| | Hint | Name |
|---|
| Scottish monarch 1542-67. Executed by her cousin Elizabeth I in 1587 for plotting against her | |
| Spanish knight who became founder of the Jesuits, and one of the leaders of the Counter-Reformation | |
| Daughter of Pope Alexander VI and a femme fatale. Married to three important men through her life, and was rumoured to have been involved in killing one of them in 1500 | |
| Spanish conquistador who explored Florida looking for the fountain of youth | |
| The third and greatest ruler of the Mughal Dynasty in India (1556-1605). During his rule, the empire tripled in size and wealth | |
| The last Sapa Inca of the Inca state in Peru. He was executed by the Spanish in 1572 | |
| The main leader of the Dutch revolt in 80 Years' War in 1568, and the founder of the House of Orange-Nassau and the ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands | |
| One of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes. His surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are characterized his papacy | |
| King of France 1589-1610. Being a former Calvinist, he had to fight the Catholic League. Signing the Edict of Nantes in 1598 | |
| Leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, who formed an alliance against the catholics which nearly ended in a civil war in 1529 | |
| Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire 1519-56 and Spanish Empire 1516-56. An important opponent of the Reformation and oversaw the conquest of the Americas | |
| Explorer who claimed Canada for France following three expeditions in the 1530s and 40s, and gave Canada its name | |
| Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII and established the first reformes of the Church of England. Burned as a herectic under Mary I in 1556 | |
| Conqueror who succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor | |
| German artist best known for his woodcuts and engravings, and regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance | |
|
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