| Hint | Answer |
|---|
| The Endomembrane system encompasses subcellular structures that are ________ bound and participate in production and delivery of materials within the cell and to the _____ of the c | |
| Some structures in the endomembrane system include the ______ complex, ________, lysosomes, ______ and the ER | |
| In the endomembrane system, a ______ vesicle moves to an _______ vesicle, fuses with it and transfers its ______ | |
| The main intracellular pathyway in cells include the _____ pathway and the _______ pathway | |
| The biosynthetic pathway is associated with the production of _____, carbohydrates, and ______ | |
| The biosynthetic pathway is also associated with various pathyways taking materials to the ______ membrane and to the ______ complex, lysomsomes and ______ | |
| The _______ pathway is known as the secretory pathway | |
| The two types of secretory pathways are called _______ and _______ | |
| Constitutive secretion happens _______, taking molecules to the plasma membrane (the _______, for example) | |
| _______ secretion occurs when molecules are placed in vesiceles and discharged from the cell only when the cell receives a specific _______ | |
| For regulated secretion, the molecules could be _______ or made as a result of the signal | |
| The _______ pathway moves stuff out of the cell | |
| The endocytic pathway moves stuff _____ the cell to various compartments | |
| Secreting things from the cell is called ______ | |
| Bringing things into the cell is called ______ | |
| Movements of vesicles in the cytoplasm are _____ to go to specific sites like secreted proteins, lysosomal _____ and membrane proteins | |
| Movements of vesicles are targeted because transport vesicles have _____ and receive sorting _____ that are located in the membranes of the vesicles | |
| The addresses usually move along the a _______ inside the cell | |
| The Endoplasmic Reticulum exists in two forms ______ ER and ____ ER | |
| The ER are both _____ tubular networks | |
| The lumen of the ER is seperated from the _______ by the ER membranes and contains very different materials than in the _______ | |
| The RER and SER are _______ with each other so stuff can flow from one to the other | |
| The RER and SER share some common membrane ______ but also have some _____ in one form of the ER but not the other | |
| The _____ is characterized by having ribosomes on its surface | |
| The SER does not have ______ on its surface | |
| RER is a network of flattened sacs (_______) and is continuous with the ____________ which also has ribosomes on its cytoplasmic side | |
| | Hint | Answer |
|---|
| Highly secretory cels have much more _____than non-secretory cells | |
| _____ is really important in the detoxification of organic chemicals, production of sterioid hormones, and sequesteration of _______ | |
| Nuclear membrane has an _____ and outer________ and innermembrane spcae | |
| Nuclear outer membrane has ______ on its surface | |
| There are very specialized _______ on the nuclear membrane | |
| There are no ______ ends to any of the RER or SER | |
| The _____ is highly curved and ______ and traverses the cytoplasm | |
| The SER is extensively developed in muscle, ____ and steroid-producing _______ glands | |
| The ______ functions for synthesis of steroid hormones in _____, and adreanl glands | |
| The RER is especially well developed in cells that are _______ secretory and the ______ in these cells results in a __________ of the cell. | |
| The polarization of the cell by the RER results in the RER at a ______ level near the blood supply and the secretory vesicles at the ____ end where they can release their contents | |
| Integral membrane proteins, _______ proteins and proteins that stay in the endomembrane compartments are made in the _____ | |
| _______ cells in the colon secrete mucus and have an apical end and a _____ end | |
| Cytosolic proeteins are made on free ________ floating around in the _______ | |
| Cytosolic proteins are _________ enzymes, peripheral proteins, ________ proteins, proteins transported to the ______, proteins transported to the _______, chlorpoplasts, peroxisome | |
| About ____% of proteins in the cell are made on free ribosomes in the cytsol | |
| Cytosolic enzymes are used for _______ | |
| All ribosomes are essentially _______ and can be used to make cytosolic proteins or proteins made on the _____ | |
| It is determined where proteins will be made by the first few _________ being made from the mRNA | |
| There is a sequenceof amino acids called the _________ sequences that when being made as a ______ polypeptide, direct the ribosome to attach to the ____ | |
| The signal sequence contains ___ hydrophobic amino acids | |
| Once attached, the signal sequences pass through the _____ into the lumen of the RER through a small channel | |
| Most of the time the _______ sequence is at the ___-terminus of the ______ peptide, | |
| Polypeptides are made from N-terminus to the ____-terminus | |
| Proteins that are made for the RER are either going to end up on the _________ or the ______ of the RER | |
| The _______ amino acids allow proteins to go through the RER membrane | |
| | Hint | Answer |
|---|
| Nascent polypeptide means a _______ polypeptide | |
| The first amino acid that is on a polypeptide is called the ____ terminal | |
| When the signal sequence is produced it is recognized by a _____________ which is made up of ___ distinct polypeptides and a small____ molecule of RNA | |
| This SRP binds to the signal sequence of the ______ polypeptide and to the ______ | |
| The SRP binding to the signal sequence and the _______, temporarily stops any further __________ | |
| The ______ then binds to a SRP ____ and the ribosome binds to a ______ | |
| A translocon is a protein-lined ______ in the ___ membrane through which the _____ peptide can pass | |
| In the ______ are six ______ amino acids located at its narrowest point | |
| When the translocon is inactive there is a small ______ helix plugging it. This inhibits the passafe of ______ and other ions between the cytosol and the lumen of the ER | |
| The SRP floats around in the _______ | |
| ___ is a measure of size, Svedburg units. | |
| Once the complex of SRP-ribosome-nascent peptide binds to the ___, the SRP detaches from the ________. The signal sequence of the nascent peptide then inserts into the ______ and t | |
| When the polypeptide formation of the ER is ocmplete and the polyppetide is in the lumen of the RER, the pore is _____ and plugged | |
| When the ____-terminus of the nascent peptide enters the lumen of the RER, the signal sequence is removed by the enzyme __ and oligosaccharides are added to the polypeptide by ____ | |
| In the lumen of the RER there are numerous _______ and ______ | |
| Also in the lumen, disulfide bonds are made between the cysteines by the enzyme_______________ | |
| Folding of the polypeptide and formation of _______ bonds through cysteine residues completes the ______ strucutre of the polypeptide | |
| Only those proteins that are going to be _______ membrane proteins or _______ proteins are going to be made on the _____ and enter into the lumen of the _____ | |
| Integral proteins will incoporate into the lipid bilayer of the ER because ot be an integral membrane protein it has to have a ____________, _______, region | |
| The way the transmembrane region happens is because as the integral membrane protein is made, itpasses into the ______, and it can the move laterally in the _______ through a later | |
| Generally, the orientation of transmembrane proteins is for the more _____ end of the polypeptide to be exposed to the cytosol | |
| For the transmembrane protein, If the ____ terminus is most positive, it will orient to be in the cytosol or if the C-terminus is most ____- it will orient to be in the ______ | |
| For multi-spanning proteins, the first hydrophobic ________ section will determine how it is oreinted and subsequent transmembrane sections willl orient at _____ degree angles | |
| All membranes are created from ____________ | |
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