Franco-italian poetess and philosopher, she was a prolific writer and is sometimes seen as an early feminist. 14-15th century
Queen consort of France and England, she was a leader of the Second Crusade and acted as regent while her son Richard Lionheart went on the Third Crusade. 12-13th century
This German Benedictine abbess was a writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary and polymath, and was named Doctor of the Church. 12th century
French military leader, she lifted the siege of Orleans during the Hundred Years War and her victories led to the coronation of King Charles VII. Burnt at the stake by the pro-English bishop Cauchon, she is now one of the patron saints of France. 15th century
This Italian physician held a chair of medicine and philosophy at the University of Bologna for over forty years from 1390. 14-15th century
This Chinese courtesan from Qiantang City was also a poet. 5th century
First Empress Regnant of Japan, she accedes to the throne to avert a power struggle and was one of the first Buddhist Japanese ruler. 6-7th century
Powerful feudal ruler in northern Italy and the chief Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII, she was one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments and was crowned Vice-Queen of Italy. 11-12th century
Born in a wealthy Italian family, she met Saint Francis and founded the Order of Poor Ladies. 12-13th century
This German canoness wrote the first plays known to be have been written by a woman and was the first to write drama in Latin since the Antiquity. 10th century
Queen consort of England, this daughter of Philip IV the Fair deposed her husband Edward II and ousted the family of her husband's favorite, then became regent on behalf of her son, Edward III. 14th century
Empress consort and regent of the Byzantine Empire, she became Empress Regnant by blinding her own son Constantine. She is best known for ending Iconoclasm. 8-9th century
Daughter of the king Alfred II of Wessex, she ruled Mercia in the English Midlands from 911 until her death and played a major role in fighting off renewed Viking attacks. 9-10th century
The poet was well known for her translations and her Lais. 12-13th century
This English Christian mystic is known for writing the first autobiography in the English language chronicling her domestic tribulations, her extensive pilgrimages to holy sites and her conversations with God. 14-15th century
This French nun, writer and scholar had a love affair with Pierre Abélard and the letters they exchanged inspired several literary works. 12th century
Key figure in the Wars of the Roses, she is credited with the establishment of two prominent Cambridge colleges and she was the mother of Henry VII, first Tudor king. 15th century
Samurai warrior, she fought in the Genpei War and was a part of the conflict that led to the first bakufu government in Japan. 12-13th century
Queen consort of England, Denmark and Norway, she participated actively in politics and is one of the most visually represented early medieval queens. 10-11th century
She was the only woman to have been a daughter, sister, niece, wife, and mother to English kings. Her marriage to Henry VII ended the War of the Roses. 15th century
Regent of Russia, she was the first woman to rule the country and is known for her efforts to spread Christianity through the Rus'. 10th century
Empress of the Byzantine Empire and wife of Emperor Justinian I, she was her co-ruler and a very active leader. 6th century
Youngest daughter of the prophet Muhammad, she is considered a role model for all Muslim women. 7th century
Queen consort of Chilperic I, she was known for her murders and the persecution of bishop Praetextatus. 6th century
Queen of Castile and Aragon, she ruled equally with her husband, Ferdinand, and is known for sponsoring Christopher Columbus' expedition. 15-16th century
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