The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour
Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins
The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
Two genetically identical siblings that develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two
Two siblings that develop from separate fertilized eggs
A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
An act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing
The most important of the male sex hormones; it stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
The period of sexual maturation, when a person becomes capable of reproducing
The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
Non-reproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females
Our sense of being male, female, or a combination of the two
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
A trait characterized by the display of both masculine and feminine psychological characteristics
An inherited condition that involves unusual development of sex chromosomes and anatomy
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