| Hint | Answer |
|---|
| Persian Wars (490 B.C.E.): Greek force led by Miltiades repels numerically superior Persian invaders at namesake beach. | |
| Turkic Conquests (1071 C.E.): The Byzantine Empire was badly defeated by the Seljuk Turks, leaving the majority of Anatolia open to Turkish conquest. | |
| Gothic War (378 C.E.): Gothic rebels defeat and kill Eastern Roman Emperor Valens. | |
| Late Crusades (1444 C.E.): The combined forces of Serbia, Hungary, and Poland are crushed by the Ottoman Empire, leaving the Balkans vulnerable to Ottoman conquest. | |
| Norwegian Invasion (1066 C.E.):Harold Godwinson of England defeats Harald Hardrada of Norway, marking the end of the Viking Age. | |
| Hundred Years War (1415 C.E.): Henry V of England uses the longbow to defeat heavily armored French knights. | |
| Hunnic Invasion (451 C.E.): Romans led by Flavius Aetius and Visigoths led by Theoderic defeat Attila the Hun. | |
| Italian War of 1521-26 (1525 C.E.): Spanish-Imperial army crushes French forces, capturing Francis I and forcing him to sign the Treaty of Madrid | |
| Islamic Invasion (732 C.E.): Charles Martel leads Frankish forces to victory against Umayyads despite not having cavalry. | |
| Roman Civil Wars (42 B.C.E.): Antony and Octavian defeat Brutus and Cassius, gaining control of the Roman Republic. | |
| Gallic Wars (52 B.C.E.): Julius Caesar besieges and defeats Vercengetorix, securing Gaul for Rome. | |
| Norman Invasion (1066 C.E.): William the Conquerer defeats and kills Harold Godwinson, becoming King of England | |
| Fourth Crusade (1204 C.E.) - The Crusading army, led by Venice, sacks the Byzantine capital in order to pay for their ships and mercenaries, dividing Greek land among themselves | |
| Byzantine-Ottoman Wars (1453 C.E.): Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II takes the city after a seven week siege, effectively destroying the Byzantine Empire. | |
| | Hint | Answer |
|---|
| Mongol Invasions (1258 C.E.): The Ilkhanate captured the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, looting the city, and massacring its citizens.The city's libraries were totally destroyed | |
| Hundred Years War (1428-29 C.E.): French forces led by Joan of Arc take several English forts surrounding the city, breaking the siege. | |
| Roman-Germanic Wars (9 C.E.): Arminius ambushes and destroys three legions led by Varus, causing Rome to give up plans to conquer Germania. | |
| Mongol Invasions (1260 C.E.): The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt defeated the Mongolian Ilkhanate, halting Mongol conquest in the Middle East. | |
| Second Punic War (216 B.C.E.): Hannibal nearly wipes out superior Roman force in southern Italy. | |
| Conquests of Alexander (331 B.C.E.): Alexander defeats Darius III of Persia, led to downfall of Achaemenid Empire. | |
| Ottoman-Venetian War (1571 C.E.): A Christian coalition defeats the numerically superior Ottoman fleet, ending Ottoman naval dominance in the Mediterranean. | |
| Final War of the Roman Republic (31B.C.E.): Naval battle in which Octavian defeats combined forces of Antony and Cleopatra, essentially ending the Roman Republic | |
| Ottoman-Hungarain Wars (1526 C.E.): Ottoman Ruler Suleiman the Magnificent defeats force led by King Luis II of Hungary, killing him and ending Hungary as an independent state | |
| Persian Wars (480 B.C.E.): Greek force led by Leonidas and 300 Spartans delays huge Persian force led by Xerxes I, allowing the evacuation of Athens. | |
| Second Punic War (202 B.C.E.): Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal in Africa, ending the war. | |
| Third Crusade (1187 C.E.): Saladin destroys Crusader army, becoming the dominant power in the region. | |
| Persian Wars (480 B.C.E.): Greek navy led by Themistocles routs larger Persian fleet. | |
| Roman-Parthian Wars (53 B.C.E.): Seven legions led by Crassus are descisively defeated by a small Parthian force due to Parthian cavalry archer tactics | |
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