| Hint | Answer |
|---|
| Still living German political theorist of communication and public reason | |
| A property that makes an individual the individual it is, without characterizing or qualifying it in any way | |
| Virtue ethicists understand it eudaimonistically, utilitarians understand it in terms of pleasure or desire-satisfaction, Kant's 'highest good' linked it with virtue | |
| This incompatibilist view holds that we have no free will, due to the fact that everything that happens is necessitated by the laws of nature and previous states of the universe | |
| A theory of value that centers on pleasure and pain, espoused by Cyrenaics, Epicureans, many utilitarians (Bentham, Mill, Sidgwick) | |
| 19th century German systematizer of Absolute Idealism | |
| 20th century German ontologist fixated on 'question of Being', known for troubling ties to Nazism | |
| 20th century German post-positivist with famous paradox of confirmation, 'deductive-nomological' model | |
| Theory of interpretation, from Biblical interpretation to Dasein and Gadamer | |
| Kant thinks all moral theories besides his own have this flaw, where the will is given its law by objects, instead of giving itself its own law | |
| | Hint | Answer |
|---|
| Mill defends classical utilitarianism from being 'a doctrine worthy of swine' by introducing these superior forms of agreeable human experience | |
| 17th century English materialist, determinist, political absolutist | |
| This kind of view prioritizes the entire system over the individual parts that make it up, famously applied to empirical confirmation and interpretation by Quine and Davidson | |
| Kant's second formula of the categorical imperative centers on this, the rational agency that distinguishes us from mere animals | |
| Famously defined with the formula 'rational animal', studied by Aquinas and Hume, also by biologists and anthropologists | |
| 18th century Scottish skeptic with psychological explanations of causal reasoning and moral evaluation | |
| 20th century Central European founder of phenomenology | |
| 18th century Scottish/Irish moral sense theorist, 'the greatest Happiness for the greatest Numbers' | |
| Aristotelian account of ordinary substances, distinguishing what a substance is made of from what kind of substance it is | |
| For Kant and others, an if-then 'ought'-claim based on some further purpose to be achieved, instead of the action being good in itself | |
|
