The network of trade routes which connected China to the Middle East and facilitated cultural cross-pollination.
A series of demonstrations, largely led by students, in favor of increased reform and democracy within the country.
Roughly comparable to the Western notion of Divine Right of Kings, it established the celestial legitimacy of the emperor.
An attempt to move China from peasant farming to a Communist economic system, it caused one of the worst famines in history.
The custom of breaking the feet of young girls to facilitate a more dainty, 'lotus blossom' look.
An 1899 uprising by the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, a group dedicated to ridding China of foreign influence.
The period of time in which Mao reconsolidated his power by launching a purge of old customs, culture, habits, and ideas.
A 1910s-1920s effort by a group of scholars to move away from traditional Chinese culture towards a more Western ideal.
The Khrushchev-era breaking of political relations between China and Russia, due to differing interpretations of Marxist-Leninist doctrine.
The class of intellectuals who served as government officials for approximately two millennia.
Perhaps the deadliest civil conflict in history and the 19th century's bloodiest war, it crucially weakened the Qing dynasty.
The brief time in the 20th century in which China was divided among military chieftains of the Beiyang Army.
The interregnum between the Han and Jin dynasties, in which China was divided between the Shu, Wei, and Wu kingdoms.
The Chinese Nationalist Party, one of the two major participants - and ultimately the loser in - the Chinese Civil War.
A political faction composed of Madame Mao and three others, they were used as scapegoats for the excesses of the 1970s.
A hairstyle, consisting of a long braid with a shaved scalp, which was required for all male subjects in Qing dynasty China.
The 1997 transfer of control over Hong Kong from the British to the Chinese government, ending over 150 years of British sovereignty of the island.
The episode of looting, mass murder, and widespread violence perpetrated by Imperial Japanese soldiers against the Chinese civilian population in 1937.
A second century peasants' revolt against the Han dynasty which precipitated the end of the Han dynasty and caused political turmoil throughout China.
The series of pacts between China and Western powers, usually signed upon a defeat, which continually weakened the Qing dynasty during the 19th and 20th centuries.
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