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Science Quiz / Cell and Molecular Bio Test 2

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Can you name the Cell and Molecular Bio Test 2?

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Question/DefinitionAnswer/Term
What does acetaldehyde trigger secretion of?
What is the the antigen in urine that’s detected in pregnancy tests?
What condition involves a slowly progressing autoimmune attack on your brain and spinal cord?
How many protons are transferred across the inner membrane through respiratory complex 3?
Cells responsible for cell mediated immunity
ADP is antiported into the matrix using what substance?
What condition involves an autoimmune attack on the intestinal wall that is exacerbated by ingestion of glutens?
A receptor whose ligand is an antigen
A porous polymer, the voids in which are filled with a fluid
What is the role of Plasma cells?
Bind to sugars on bacteria
What is a substance used for storing energy as a carbohydrate in muscle and the liver?
How many protons are transferred across the inner membrane through respiratory complex 4?
If the pH is lowered, amino acids protonate and the protein becomes more _____ overall
What connects amino acids into linear chains?
Some substance capable of inducing an immune response.
Why use secondary antibodies?
Glycerols can be converted into what?
What is another name for the Kreb's/citric acid cyle
To respond to a wide array of antigens
How much does the stalk rotate when three protons pass through it?
Condition in which patient is 20% or more heavier than their ideal weight
What is the unit for 1/12th the mass of a Carbon atom?
What are the products of glycolysis step 2
What condition involves an autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells?
What differentiates into T-cells and B-cells?
What is the basis of lymphocyte production in the bone marrow?
What process keeps only the T-cells that adequately bind to MHCs in self cells?
Antibody class that is secreted from B cells; y-shaped
How many ATPs are made from the NADH molecules from 1 molecule of glucose?
Macrophage-like cells with long spike and sheet like protrusions.
Process of turning fermentable substrates into Lactate or Ethanol and CO2
How many protons are required to flow through F0 to generate one ATP by F1?
Acetaldehyde causes a depletion of what?
A discrete part of an antigen that is antigenic. There can be many of them.
How many protons are transported across the inner membrane per molecule of FADH2 in Oxidative Phosphorylation?
String of amino acids
Can respond to the one antigen that is present rather than all antigens
What sugar is a part of ATP?
Another name for constant domain
What does acetyl CoA dump the carbons onto in the first step of the TCA cycle?
How are fats converted into acetyl coa?
What are the reagents of glycolysis step 1
A specific type of dendritic cell found in the epidermis.
What is another name for electron transport?
How many hydrophobic amino acids does it take to cross the cell membrane in reality?
Antibodies cross-linked with antigen can form a precipitate
What is acetyl CoA converted into via the TCA cycle?
What class of MHCs is found on all antigen presenting cells?
What is the breakdown of amino acids?
Amino acid with a Thiol group
Question/DefinitionAnswer/Term
What is the name of the detergent that unfolds/denatures proteins in electrophoresis?
Anaerobic metabolic breakdown of a nutrient molecule without net oxidation
Amino acid that is locked into a ring
What is the net yield per glucose molecule after the TCA cycle?
Cells that have large nuclei, can proliferate, extensive rough ER
Another name for variable domain
Part of antibody where antigens are bound
What recognizes and binds to all primary antibodies from a given species?
Cells that have a single lobed, big nucleus, ruffles, lysosomes, can't proliferate, participate in phagocytosis and antigen display.
Cells responsible for humoral immunity
What are the reagents of glycolysis step 3
What is the name of the process of converting lactate back into glucose?
What are the three types of effector cells for T-cells?
Part of antibody involved in cell binding
What transporter pumps viral proteins into the ER to be displayed on the surface?
An enzyme system in the blood that can directly kill some foreign cells.
has two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains
Where do B-cells go after production?
Acetaldehyde increases generation of what?
How many residues per turn are there on an antibody?
Process of turning oxidizable substrates into H20 and CO2
High levels of lipids in the blood
Lipopolysaccharide, a molecule only found on some bacteria
What are the reagents of glycolysis step 2
A self protein that is recognized as an antigen in autoimmune disease
What are the products of glycolysis step 1
Stands for Immunoglobulin
A protein that binds tightly to specific epitopes for identification and elimination.
A systemic allergic reaction (as opposed to a localized allergic reaction)
What pathway utilizes B-cells to spark an immune response through interaction with helper T-cells?
What is the synthesis of amino acids?
What is a Adenine connected to a Ribose sugar called?
Antibody class that is stuck on surface of B cells; y-shaped
How many protons are transferred across the inner membrane through respiratory complex 1?
What is required for leukocyte activation?
Triglycerides can be split into what?
Immunity that you are born with
Excess Acetyl CoA can be converted into what?
What is the breakdown of fat?
What is ethanol converted into by ADH?
The breakdown of glucose to yield energy
What base is a part of ATP?
Cells respond directly and actively to eliminate antigens
How many ATPs are made from the FADH2 molecules from 1 molecule of glucose?
Pyruvate is symported into the matrix with what?
Electrophoresis separates molecules according to?
How many hydrophobic amino acids does it take to cross the cell membrane theoretically?
Loss of electrons
Help discriminate between types of pathogens
Putting the antigen on the outside of the cell to display to other cells.
Fatty acids can be converted into what?
Question/DefinitionAnswer/Term
What adjective describes the phenomena where you transcribe both parents copies of a particular protein?
Self becomes recognized as foreign
Formation of acetaldehyde adducts yields what?
What class of MHCs is found on all nucleated cells?
Using energy to form glucose
Antibody class that is stuck on surface of B cells; weird shape
What is Oxaloacetate converted into?
The vesicle in which the object now resides after phagocytosis.
What provides an enhanced secondary immune response to a previously encountered antigen?
What is another name for liver cells?
What are the products of TCA entry (total per glucose molecule)?
Weight/Height^2
A cell becomes more specific in its structure and function
What is imflammation of the intestine?
What receptors only bind to antigens on display?
Which CD is taken advantage of by HIV?
What are the products of glycolysis step 3
Granulocytes that cannot proliferate, and love phagocytosis.
What recognizes and binds only to the protein of interest?
What is the pH at which a protein's net charge is zero?
What are the effector cells for B-cells?
Are MHCs specific?
Antibodies bind to and inactivate antigens
What CD is mainly found on cytotoxic T-cells?
Affecting many nerves sytemically
What is another name for a MHC?
The process of a cell engulfing solid particles.
What CD is mainly found on helper T-cells?
What pathway utilizes normal cells to spark an immune response through interaction with cytotoxic T-cells?
For previously encountered antigens to give a faster response on subsequent encounters.
Multiple antigens cross-link with antibodies
Another name for stationary phase or gel.
Cells divide and become more numerous
Finger-like projections that suggest that the cell is reaching out and trying to reach something
What is another name for scarring of the liver and poor liver function?
What condition involves a autoimmune attack on your joints?
How many protons are transferred across the inner membrane through respiratory complex 2?
What is the process by which the immune system is supressed for antigens seen on a fairly regular basis due to eating?
OH- is antiported out of the matrix using what substance?
How many protons are transported across the inner membrane per molecule of NADH in Oxidative Phosphorylation?
If the pH is raised, amino acids de-protonate, and the protein becomes more _____ overall.
Amino acid with a Hydrogen group
Programmed cell death
What process induces apoptosis in T-cells that bind too well to self cells?
What are the final products from one molecule of glucose that goes through aerobic respiration?
Monocytes in the tissue are called?
What is a family of lipids bound to oligosaccharides that have parts of their structure that are identical to lipooligosaccharides?
What is pyruvate converted into during fermentation?
Most common coenzyme
Where do T-cells mature?
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