Cuneiform - a writing system that appeared c. 3400 BCE, predating Egyptian Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphic Funeral text from Teti I's pyramid c. 2291 BCE
Hammurabi's Code of Laws, 1800 BC
The Rosetta Stone, 196 BC
Codex Vaticanus, the oldest Bible, 4th Century
Lindisfarne Gospels, 715-720
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 9th Century to 1154
The Jelling Runestone of Harald Bluetooth, 10th Century
Beowulf Text (Cotton MS Vitellius A XV), c1000
Domesday Book (1086)
Luther's 95 theses, printed in 1517
Shakespeare's First Folio, published 1623
Isaac Newton's first publication of his laws of physics, 1687
Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
Charles Darwin's writings, introducing the theory of evolution, 1859