A German word that conveys a sense of being under attack and describes the terror and despair Luther felt when he was unable to trust in God's goodness.
Written by Luther in 1520, a treatise in which he criticizes the Roman Catholic Church's understanding of the sacraments.
Also know as Cardinal St. Sisto. Leader in the Catholic Church and a noted scholar of theology. Met with Luther in 1518 in an attempt to get him to retract his teachings.
A treatise written by Luther in 1520. It contains his argument for the 'priesthood of all believers.'
A movement to reform the church by means of a general council. Sometimes thought to be in tension with or in opposition to papal power.
A meeting in the German city of Worms in 1521, where Luther had a confrontation with the leading political and ecclesiastical authorities and was declared a heretic.
Early and ardent foe of Luther. Debated with him on Leipzig in 1519 on the nature of the church's authority.
For Luther it encompassed the whole self and is best understood as trust. It included an intellectual dimension, but it should not be understood as something limited to the mind.
The prince of electoral Saxony, the region in Germany where Luther lived. He ultimately protected Luther against his various enemies.
In the sixteenth century, Germany did not exist as a nation. Instead, it was this collection of smaller states and principalities.
A document saying that earthly punishments due to sin had been forgiven. Widespread abuses occurred when the church authorized the selling of them.
The situation of being in a right relationship with God. Luther argued that it takes place by faith and not by works of the law.
Pope from 1513-1521. Author of the bull in 1520 that threatened Luther with excommunication.
Younger colleague of Luther, expert in biblical languages, and an important leader in the Reformation. Author of the Augsburg Confession.
Papal ambassador who failed to forge a compromise between Luther and Rome in 1518-1519.
Luther's 1517 protest against the sale of indulgences. Printers made them widely available in Germany and northern Europe.
Written by Luther in 1520, this treatise refutes the traditional papal claims to authority.
One of the seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church. It involved confessing one's sins to a priest, hearing absolution, and doing works of satisfaction.
Also known as Sylvester Mazzolini. Early opponent of Luther who defended the selling of indulgences.
A quality possessed by God that is given freely to the undeserving sinner in the act of faith.
The body of bishops, councilors, and advisors that surround the pope. Most prominent members are the college of cardinals.
Refers to the future state of blessedness that will be enjoyed by the saints in heaven. It also designates the present status of those who are in a relationship with faith.
Written by Luther in 1528 after he made a visitation of the churches in the Wittenburg area. It is designed to instruct people in the basics of the Christian faith.
Written by Luther in 1520. An extended sermon on the place of the commandments within an understanding of Christian freedom.
Luther was spirited away here after the Diet of of Worms. While here, Luther translated the New Testament from Greek into German.
City in Saxony that was the site of Wittenberg University and home of Martin Luther from 1512 until his death of 1546.
Has 3 meanings. It is the Bible itself, refers to Christ, and refers to the message preached about Christ and how his death and resurrection has liberated us.
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