| Features | tissue/cell/structure |
| first plant structure to absorb water from soil | |
| nonliving layer that reflects both heat and water; found on leaves and stems (but not roots!) | |
| the portion of wood filled with dark oils, gums and resins | |
| secondary stem growth strengthened by lignified xylem, surrounded by bark | |
| plant cell in ground tissue with one thick cell wall that supports growing leaves and stems | |
| a region of soft spongy parenchyma cells in herbaceous stems, found in the center of dicot stems; replaced by xylem in older trees | |
| created by the vascular cambium and is functional when dead and unfilled | |
| the phloem of ferns and pines is made up of this type of cell | |
| use proton pumps to move sugars along cell walls near sieve tube cells | |
| common name for all stem layers outside of the vascular cambium | |
| most common and most versatile plant cell; has only one cell wall and is used for storage, secretion, growth (it is meristematic), photosynthesis and wound repair | |
| column-shaped photosynthetic cells in leaves | |
| general term for cells that transport carbohydrates | |
| layer of cells created by the cork cambium, replaces epidermis in woody plants | |
| lignified vascular cell that transports water and minerals | |
| cell that secretes substances (often, insecticides) to the outside of the leaf | |
| outside daughter cells of the vascular cambium become this layer | |
| a ring of vascular cells where lateral roots grow out of | |