| Notable Accomplishment | Biologist | Years Living |
| Described four criteria (postulates) that helped show the relationship between a microbe and a disease | |
| Discovered the citric acid cyle in cellular respiration | |
| Developed the first light microscope | |
| Invented a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness | |
| Created the foundations for our modern binomial nomenclature and system of taxonomy | |
| Studied heredity in pea plants | |
| Brought attention to the dangers of using synthetic pesticides; wrote Silent Spring | |
| Popularized a gene-centered view of evolution and studies animal behavior and its relation to natural selection | |
| Studied gorilla behavior in their natural habitat | |
| Came up with the word 'cell' to describe the basic unit of living things | |