| Scientific advance | Scientist | Possible scientists |
| Screw pump | |
| Natural selection | |
| Theory of gravitation | |
| Theory of general relativity | |
| Radioactivity | |
| Smallpox vaccine | |
| Work leading to the ban of using DDT | |
| Interactions of chimpanzees | |
| Helical structure of DNA | |
| The first modern anatomical text | |
| Nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus | |
| Inventor of dynamite | |
| Quantum gravity | |
| Rabies vaccine | |
| Observational astronomy | |
| Radioactive half-life + structure of atom | |
| Discovery of other galaxies | |
| Periodic table | |
| Circulation | |
| Continental drift | |
| Laws of inheritence | |
| Insulin structure and genetic code | |
| Blood groups | |
| Discovery of penicillin | |
| Animal behaviour | |
| Radiocarbon dating | |
| Binomial nomenclature | |
| Discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
| Quantum theory | |
| Heliocentric model of the solar system | |