| Punishment | Sinner |
|---|
| they are not punished in an active sense, but rather grieve only because of their separation from God, without hope of reconciliation | |
| Dante condemns these 'carnal malefactors' for letting their appetites sway their reason. They are the first ones to be truly punished in Hell. | |
| forced to lie in a vile slush produced by ceaseless foul, icy rain | |
| In the swamp-like water of the river Styx, they fight each other on the surface and lie gurgling beneath the water, withdrawn into a black sulkiness which can find no joy in God or | |
| those who are trapped in flaming tombs | |
| 'I saw multitudes to every side of me; their howls were loud while, wheeling weights, they used their chests to push.' | |
| those who are immersed in Phlegethon, a river of boiling blood, to a level commensurate with their sins: Alexander the Great is immersed up to his eyebrows. The Centaurs, commanded | |
| those who are transformed into gnarled thorny bushes and trees, which are fed on by the Harpies | |
| those who reside in a desert of flaming sand with fiery flakes raining from the sky, One of them is Dante's mentor, Brunetto Latini | |
| those who are whipped by demons | |
| | Punishment | Sinner |
|---|
| they are steeped in human excrement, which represents the words they produced | |
| These are placed head-first in holes in the rock (resembling baptismal fonts), with flames burning on the soles of their feet | |
| have their heads twisted around on their bodies backward, so that they 'found it necessary to walk backward, / because they could not see ahead of them | |
| are immersed in a lake of boiling pitch, which represents the sticky fingers and dark secrets of their corrupt deals | |
| they are listlessly walking along wearing gilded lead cloaks, which represent the falsity behind the surface appearance of their actions – falsity that weighs them down and makes | |
| just as they stole other people's substance in life, their very identity becomes subject to theft here, and the snake bites make them undergo various transformations | |
| those who are a 'disease' on society, are themselves afflicted with different types of diseases | |
| they are here immersed in the ice up to their faces – 'the place / where shame can show itself'. Mordred, who attacked his relative King Arthur, is one of the traitors here | |
| All of the sinners punished within are completely encapsulated in ice, distorted in all conceivable positions | |
| those who are frozen with Satan | |
|
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