| Defination | Vocaulary |
| The prophet and creator of Islam. | |
| Sphere circle of women in a polygamous household. | |
| Muhammad's wife. | |
| Holy wars launched to forcibly spread Islam. | |
| The third caliph who was assassinated. | |
| One of the five pillars of Islam; pilgrimage to Mecca. | |
| Groups of kin-related Bedouin herders. | |
| Community of faithful, which transcended the old tribal boundaries. | |
| One of the five pillars of Islam; donate to charities. | |
| The Bedouin tribe which included the Umayyads. | |
| The clan which founded the city of Mecca. | |
| Nomadic culture developed over the centuries, based on camel and goat herding. | |
| Party which traced back to Muhammad's uncle, Al-Abbas; an Islamic dynasty. | |
| The victory of Abbasids over Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital. | |
| Sailing vessels with lateen sails. | |
| Chief administrator and head of the caliph's inner council. | |
| Leader of a clan. | |