Adoptive Father of Trajan, and Predecessor as Emperor.
Biological Father,of Trajan, a prominent Senator, general and consul who fought in the Jewish War.
Mother of Trajan, descended from the Roman King Ancus Marcius, daughter of a Senator, sister-in-law to the future Emperor Titus.
53: Birthplace of Trajan; he was the first Emperor not to come from Italy.
Trajan's name from birth to adoption.
Dynasty of Emperor Trajan.
76-77: Trajan's father served as Governor of Syria; Trajan, who had been rising through the ranks of the army, serving in some of the most contentious parts of the Empire's frontier, serves in THIS MILITARY POSITION in Syria as well.
85: Trajan gains THIS office, and shortly thereafter is given command of the Seventh Legion 'Gemina' based at Legio (Leon) in northern Spain.
86: Trajan's cousin dies, and Trajan becomes the co-guardian of his children, including THIS SUCCESSOR OF HIS as emperor.
89: Trajan rises to prominence when he supports THIS EMPEROR against a revolt on the Rhine led by Antonius Saturninus; his troops arrived too late to be of assistance, but his prompt action won him the favor of the Emperor.
91: Trajan marries this woman, a follower of the Epicurean school who influenced her husband during his reign to improve education, assist the poor, lower taxes, and exercise tolerance; the marriage remained childless.
91: Trajan gains THIS HIGH office.
96: Though Trajan had connections with the previous assassinated Emperor, Nerva appoints him to THIS office in Upper Germany.
97: Emperor Nerva, unpopular with the army because he was forced by his Praetorian Prefect to execute the assassins of THIS HIS PREDECESSOR, placates them by adopting Trajan as his son and successor, and appointing him to his second consulship soon after; Trajan is informed of his adoption by a handwritten not from Emperor Nerva.
Instead of rushing to Rome after his adoption, Trajan summoned the leaders of the earlier mutiny against Domitian; instead of receiving their promised promotions, Trajan does THIS TO THEM.
98: On Nerva's death, Trajan TOURS HERE, possibly shoring up his own position with the military, before proceeding to Rome.
99: Trajan, playing on the motif of feigned reluctance to hold power, enters Rome with little ceremony, building support in the Senate; on his entrance, he embraces the Senators, and unlike any other Emperor, walks among the ordinary people; he grants the plebs a direct gift of money, but the donative to the army WAS ______.
101-102: King Decebalus of THIS KINGDOM had negotiated a peace humiliating to the Romans under Domitian; Trajan launches a military campaign, and reduces him to a harmless client king; Trajan returns to Rome in triumph and is granted the title Dacicus Maximus.
Though making a pretense of ruling with the Senate, Trajan would generally act on his own; he converted THESE SENATORIAL Provinces into imperial ones, but was praised for so doing when he put an end to the mismanagement there.
105: THIS TITLE meaning 'the best,' having been bestowed upon him by the Senate, suggesting he was the god's representative on earth, begins to appear on coins.
One of Trajan's authoritarian innovations was creating THESE OFFICIALS to audit civic finances in the technically free Greek cities; the office was given to Senators as a reward for being loyal to Trajan.
Trajan forbade Nicomedia from forming a corps of firemen, fearing that if you allow people to assemble for a common purpose, they will turn INTO THIS.
105: After a failed attempt on Trajan's life by THIS CLIENT KING, the king invades Roman territory north of the Danube; he was defeated, and committed suicide, rather than be subject to capture; several cities were created in Dacia for Roman colonists, which was annexed as a Roman province.
The annexation of Dacia benefited the Empire's finances through the acquisition of gold mines; the victory was commemorated BY THIS, which depicts in stone the most important moments of the Wars.
Trajan formed THIS welfare program that provided funds, food, and subsidized education to the poor in Italy.
107: The annexation of THIS LAST CLIENT KINGDOM in Asia West of the Euphrates, meant that the entire Roman East had been provincialized.
107: Trajan not only devalues the currency, but also withdraws from circulation all silver denarii minted before Nero's previous devaluation, allowing him to INCREASE THIS.
Trajan writes to Pliny the Younger, telling him not to seek out THESE PEOPLE, or accept anonymous accusations against them, and to punish only those whose behaviour was recalcitrant.
THIS EVENT, held in the Colosseum and attracting a total of five million spectators over three months, left 11,000 dead, mostly slaves and criminals; thousands of animals were killed as well.
Trajan built many bridges and aqueducts and rebuilt many roads, INCLUDING THESE.
113: Trajan built THIS, THE WORLD'S FIRST MALL, situated at the opposite end of the Colosseum, it also contained apartments, a library, and administrative offices.
113: When THIS EMPIRE put an unacceptable king on the throne of Armenia, a kingdom over which the two empires had shared hegemony since Nero, Trajan embarked on his last campaign.
113-115: Details about the campaign are sketchy, and historians argue over the motives, but the Armenian king was deposed, and Armenia annexed, and then Trajan proceeded to THIS REGION, making it a province and gaining the submission of King Abgaros VII of Osrhoene.
116: After conquering and annexing a large part of Macedonia, Trajan went to Babylon where he intended to offer sacrifice to THIS GREAT MACEDONIAN GENERAL in the house in which he had died.
116: Trajan deposed THIS PARTHIAN KING, and replaced him with his own puppet, though greatly overextended he had to relinquish some of the lands he had won, and his health started to give out.
116: The Jews of Egypt, Cyprus, and Cyrene rose up in THIS REBELLION, and another Jewish revolt in Mesopotamia forced Trajan to consolidate some of his gains in order to suppress them.
117: Trajan's health forced him to sail back to Italy, but his generals successfully quelled the revolts, though several of them were executed by THIS, TRAJAN'S successor out of fear of their popularity.
117: On his return to Italy, Trajan died HERE from edema.
117: It is generally accepted that Trajan had adopted his successor, but a rumor persisted that THIS WIFE OF Trajan hired someone to impersonate him and the adoption was a sham.
Hadrian had been relieved from front-line duties at the decisive stage of the Second Dacian War, served as governor of Pannonia Inferior and a Senator without distinction; he had received some decorations from Trajan, but no post subsequent to 108 until he was made governor of Syria; but it was his marriage to THIS GRANDNIECE of Trajan that made him a viable successor.
The Roman Empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan; though most of his conquered territories were retained by Hadrian, THIS REGION was quickly abandoned, and Armenia was restored to the Parthian hegemony under Roman suzerainty.
117: The Senate Deified Trajan and his ashes were laid to rest underneath THIS MONUMENT commemorating his success.
Every new emperor after Trajan was honored by the Senate with THIS WISH.
A common medieval legend had THIS POPE resurrect Trajan from the dead and baptize him.
Theologians such as Thomas Aquinas referred to Trajan as an example of a virtuous pagan, and Dante puts Trajan HERE with other historical and mythological persons noted for their justice.
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