Greek Father of Modern Medicine Known for eponymous Oath Very little is known about what he actually thought, wrote, and did
American 'Plant Doctor' 'Father of Chemurgy' Revolutionized Southern agriculture Developed numerous products, e.g. peanuts, sweet potatoes, and pecans Dubbed by Time magazine: 'Black Leonardo'
Greek Student and successor of Thales Theorized humans evolved from fish
German-speaking Silesian Founder of Genetics Discovered the basic principles of genetics through breeding experiments with peas from the monastery garden
Roman Author, Naturalist, Natural Philosopher Collected data about plants and animals Authored 'Natural History'
French Chemist, Microbiologist, one of the founders of Medical Microbiology 'Father of Bacteriology' Killed microbes by heat and saved the French wine industry in 1864 Eponymous method helped preserve milk, beer and food Proved the value of vaccination, founding science of immunology Developed cure for rabies; Disproved theory of spontaneous generation
Italian Renaissance polymath: Artist, Scientist, Writer Helped to formulate modern anatomical study through his notebooks Received permission to dissect human corpses Dissected many animals, comparing anatomy to each other and humans
South African Cardiac surgeon Performed the first successful human heart transplant (1967) The patient lived for 18 days
American Physician Researched blood plasma, set up blood banks Both M*A*S*H and Philip Roth's novel The Human Stain tell a story of him ironically bleeding to death at a hospital that would not admit him, because he was black -- Urban legend, not true, he did die, but he and his companions were admitted immediately and received prompt attention.
Flemish Physician, 'Father of Anatomy' Author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body)
French Naturalist, Zoologist First to compare the anatomy of various animals with that of human beings, thus founding comparative anatomy First to establish the fact of extinction 'Lectures on Comparative Anatomy'
British Primatologist, Ethologist, Anthropologist, Studied the behavior and social patterns of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania
Italian Doctor, Founder of Microscopic Anatomy Discovered capillaries on the surface of the lung demonstrating they connected arteries and veins thus confirming William Harvey's explanation for blood circulation
Dutch Botanist, Geneticist Suggested the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of Gregor Mendel's work Introduced term 'mutation'; Developed a mutation theory of evolution
Swedish Botanist, Physician, Zoologist Classified all known plants and animals, standardizing terminology and nomenclature First to use the scientific name homo sapiens and the symbols ♂ and ♀
English-born American First openly identified woman to graduate from medical school First woman to receive a medical degree in the United States First woman on the UK Medical Register
Scottish Biologist, pharmacologist and botanist Received Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology (1945) for his discovery of Penicillin (1928)
English Comparative Anatomist Supporter of Darwin's Theory of Evolution 'Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863)' related man to anthropoid apes Studied marine life aboard the HMS Rattlesnake, becoming an expert on Medusae (jellyfish)
Austrian-born American Physician, Biologist Discovered 4 types of blood, A, B, AB, O With A.S. Wiener, discovered Rh blood factor, 1940 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine, 1930
Ukrainian-born American Biochemist, Microbiologist Discovered over twenty antibiotics Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic active against TB
Spanish-born American Doctor of Medicine, Biochemist Produced RNA artificially Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (1959) for test tube synthesis of nucleic acids Love affair with the Spanish actress Sara Montiel
English Physician 'Founder of Modern Epidemiology', 'The English Hippocrates' First major work on epidemiology since Hippocrates Discovered eponymous disease, also known as St Vitus Dance
English Founder of plant physiology Invented a ventilator, a pneumatic trough and a surgical forceps Best known for his Statical Essays: Vegetable Staticks (1727), on experiments in plant physiology and chemistry, and Haemastaticks (1733), describing experiments on animal physiology including the measurement of blood pressure
American Geneticist Discovered that X-rays produced mutations Worked for almost a decade in Europe, primarily in Russia, until Stalin started to criticize his work Nobel prize in physiology or medicine, 1948
German Physician, Microbiologist, founder of Modern Bateriology Discovered germs cause TB (Nobel Prize 1905) Eponymous postulates remain the “gold standard” in medical microbiology
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