Russian ✥ Explored the Antarctic region, 1819-1821; ✥ First person to circumnavigate the continent; ✥ Discovered and named Alexander I Island and Peter I Island ✥ Some credit him with making the first sighting of the mainland of Antarctica
English ✥ Explored the northern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula in 1820; ✥ Because he sighted and charted what he named Trinity Land, the British credit him with making the first sighting of the mainland of Antarctica
American ✥ His ship was the Hero ✥ Americans credit him with being the first man to see the continent of Antarctica, in 1820; ✥ An archipelago and the southern part of the Antarctic Peninsula are named after him
English ✥ Navigator and seal hunter; ✥ 1823, charted the area around the Antarctic Peninsula and discovered the ice-covered sea named after him that borders the Filchner or Lassiter Ice Shelf and is located between Coats Land and the Palmer Peninsula; ✥Published A Voyage Towards the South Pole (1825)
French ✥ 1837, sailing aboard the Astrolabe and Zélée on a mission to claim lands for the king of France, he discovered Joinville Island, off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; ✥ 1840, discoverd the Antarctic region known as the Adélie Coast, Adélie Land, or Terre Adélie in French (named for his wife, as were the Adélie penguins)
American ✥ 1838 - 1842, led a U.S. Naval expedition that gave the first defensible claim that Antarctica was a continent ✥ A large area of the continent was named after him; ✥ Wrote 5-volume Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition (1844)
English ✥ 1839 - 1843, led an expedition aboard the Erebus and Terror; ✥ Discovered an eponymous sea, an eponymous ice shelf, Victoria Land, and 2 volcanoes he named Mt Terror and Mt Erebus; ✥ Located the north magnetic pole during an 1829 - 1833 expedition to the Arctic with his uncle
Irish ✥ Member of Robert Falcon Scott's 1901 - 1904 expedition to Antarctica; Led a British expedition to within 97 miles of the true South Pole in 1908; ✥ Members of his party climbed Mount Erebus on Ross Island and located the South Magnetic Pole in 1909; ✥ Wrote The Heart of the Antarctic
Australian ✥ As part of Shackleton's expedition, he ascended Mt. Erebus and helped to located the South Magnetic Pole; ✥ 1911-1914, led the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, during which he mapped about 950 miles of the continent; ✥ The first Australian base in Antarctica is named for him; ✥ Wrote The Home of the Blizzard
Norwegian ✥ Traveled aboard the Fram to the Ross Ice Shelf and became the first to reach the South Pole in 1911; ✥ Also the first to navigate the Northwest Passage from east to west; ✥ Flew over the North Pole in his dirigible; ✥ Wrote To the North Magnetic Pole (1907) and The South Pole (1913)
English ✥ 1901 - 1904, led an expedition to Antarctica; ✥ Sailed to Ross Island aboard the Terra Nova, reaching the South Pole Jan 17, 1912, five weeks after his rival; ✥ Died of cold and hunger trying to return from the Pole; ✥ Wrote The Voyage of the Discovery (1905), and his diaries were published in 2 volumes, as 'Scott's Last Expedition' (1913)
American ✥ First to explore Antarctica by air, making the flight in 1928 with an Australian explorer ✥ Earlier that year the two flew the first plane to cross the Arctic Ocean
Australian ✥ With his American pilot, made the first Antarctic airplane flights while surveying the Antarctic Peninsula in 1928; ✥ With the same American pilot, first to fly over the Arctic Ocean ✥ Wrote Flying the Arctic (1928)
American ✥ 1936, made the first flight over Antarctica from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea ✥ Named a section of the Antarctic Peninsula after his father ✥ 1926, with Nobile, and Amundsen, made the first aerial crossing of the North Polar Basin, in Nobile's airship, Norge; ✥ 1931, he was a participant in the Graf Zepplin dirigible flight to the Arctic ✥ First to make aerial flights over both polar regions
American ✥ First man to fly over the North Pole (1926, aboard the Josephine Ford) and the South Pole (1929, aboard the Floyd Bennett); ✥ Led 5 expeditions to explore Antarctica from 1928 to 1956; ✥ Established the base camp called Little America; ✥1947, Operation Highjump was the largest Antarctic expedition by a single country; ✥ Wrote Alone (1938)
English ✥ During the International Geophysical year, 1957 to 1958, he led the British Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition using Sno-Cats and dog teams in the first land expedition to cross Antarctica ✥ Fuchs reached McCurdo Sound in the Ross Sea on March 2, 1958 ✥ Coauthored The Crossing of Antarctica (1958)
New Zealander ✥ Four years after becoming the first man to climb Mt. Everest, he traveled across Antarctica from the Ross Sea to the South Pole with the British Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition; ✥ Coauthored The Crossing of Antarctica (1959), Wrote No Latitude for Error (1961)
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