Soviet ☼ 1957, first earthling (a dog), sent into space on the Sputnik 2; ☼ Having died as the oxygen ran out, her body perished when the craft's orbit deteriorated, & lacking heat shields, burned up on re-entry to the atmosphere
Soviet ☾ April 12, 1961, first man in space, aboard Vostok I, circling the Earth once; ☾ Prominent crater on the back of the Moon is named for him
American ☼ May 5, 1961, 1st American in space; 15-minute flight aboard Freedom 7; ☼ 1971 commanded Apollo 14, becoming the 5th man to land on the Moon; ☼ Awarded NASA's Distinguished Flying Cross and the Distinguished Service Medal for his first historic space flight
American ☽ First person to make 2 space flights; ☽ July 21, 1961 first flight aboard Liberty Bell 7; ☽ March 23, 1965, 2nd flight, the first piloted Gemini mission; ☽ Jan 27, 1967, killed when fire swept through the Apollo craft during a test
Soviet ☼ August 6 - 7, 1961, 2nd person to orbit the Earth, piloting the Vostok 2 for a 25-hour, 18-minute flight
American ☾ February 20, 1962, first American to orbit the Earth, circling it 3 times, in Friendship 7; ☾ Elected senator from Ohio in 1974; ☾ October 29, 1998, at age 77, became the oldest man to fly in space, aboard the space shuttle Discovery
American ☼ May 24, 1962, 2nd American to orbit the Earth aboard Aurora 7; ☼ Participated in Sealab, the Navy's underwater project
American ☽ May 15 - 16, 1963, 4th American to orbit the Earth on Faith 7; ☽ Commanded Gemini 5 in 1965
Soviet ☼ June 16, 1963, 1st female in orbit, 3 days in space aboard Vostok 6; ☼ Since there were few women pilots, 3 woman parachutists (and 1 pilot) were selected to train; she was the only one to be sent into space; ☼ Program to select a female cosmonaut was shrouded in secrecy
Soviet ☾ October 12, 1964, commanded Voskhod 1, the first multi-person spaceship; ☾ First person to die during a spaceflight when his command module snarled with its parachute during his return to Earth after being launched into space aboard Soyuz 1 on April 22, 1967
Soviet ☼ Helped design the Vostok and Voskhod spaceships and the Salut space station; ☼ Crew member on Voskhod 1, October 12, 1964
Soviet ☽ October 12, 1964, first medical doctor in space, aboard Voskhod 1
Soviet ☼ March 18, 1965, first EVA ('space walk'), from the Voskhod 2, 12 minutes ☼ Soviets both overplayed the difficulties of working in space, and concealed severe problems encountered during the walk ☼ Commanded the Soyuz during the 1975 'Handshake in Space' ☼ Know as the 'artist-cosmonaut'
American ☾ March 23, 1965, 1st manned flight of the Gemini program, (Gemini 3); ☾ July 1966, commanded Gemini 10; ☾ April 1972, ninth person to walk on the moon; ☾ April 1981, commanded Columbia, on the first space shuttle flight; ☾ First person to fly in space 5 times, earning the nickname, 'Mr. Astronaut'; ☾ 1983, Commanded Columbia flight, which conducted experiments aboard Spacelab, a European-built space laboratory ☾ Smuggled a corned beef sandwich aboard a flight, and received reprimand
American ☼ June 3 - 7, 1965, first American to walk in space, doing so aboard the Gemini 4 mission ☼ Scheduled to be on the first manned Apollo mission, but he died in a flash fire aboard the Apollo I space capsule, during a test, on January 27, 1967
American ☽ December 15 - 16, 1965, Pilot of the Gemini 6, making the first rendezvous in space with Gemini 7; ☽ First general officer in space; ☽ Commander of Gemini 9-A from June 3 to 6; ☽ Commander on Apollo 10 May 1969; ☽ Commander of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project from July 15 - 24, 1975
American ☼ June 1966, piloted Gemini 9 and walked in space for several hours ☼ May 1969, piloted the Lunar Excursion Module to near the Moon's surface, during the Apollo 10 mission ☼ December 11, 1972, as commander of Apollo 17, he became the last person to walk on the moon
American ☾ Never having made it into space, on January 27, 1967, he died in a flash fire aboard the Apollo I space capsule during a launching simulation at Cape Kennedy (now Cape Canaveral), Florida
American ☼ October 11, 1968, commanded the module on Apollo 7, the first of the manned Apollo flights
American ☽ December 1968, Commanded Apollo 8 on the first manned mission around the moon, circling it 10 times on Christmas Eve and Day; ☽ Had commanded Gemini 7 in 1965 when Walter Schirra piloted Gemini 6 to within one foot of Gemini 7, the first successful rendezvous in space
American ☼ December 1968, command module pilot of Apollo 8 as it orbited the Moon; ☼ Had flown on Gemini 7 in 1965 and Gemini 12 in 1966; ☼ Commander of Apollo 13 in 1970 when the mission had to be aborted because of an explosion of an oxygen tank.
American ☾ Only person to fly on the Mercury (1962), Gemini (1965), and Apollo (1968); ☾ Had been the third American to orbit the Earth
Soviet ☼ January 16, 1969, commanded the Soyuz 4 spaceship that made the USSR's first manned space docking, with Soyuz 5; ☼ Two cosmonauts aboard Soyuz 5 walked in space and then returned to Earth, with him aboard Soyuz 4
American ☽ July 20, 1969, first person to walk on the moon, on the Apollo 11 flight; ☽ Had made his first flight in 196 aboard Gemini 8, during which he and David Scott performed the first successful docking of 2 vehicles in space, the Gemini ship and an unmanned Agena target vehicle; ☽ He was a member of the commission that investigated the Challenger accident
American ☼ July 20, 1969, second person to walk on the moon, landing there aboard the lunar module, the Eagle; ☼ Had walked in space in 1966 during the Gemini 12 mission, the last Gemini flight; ☼ Wrote, 'Return to Earth'
American ☾ July 20, 1969, pilot of command module Columbia on the first lunar landing; ☾ Had served as co-pilot of Gemini 10 in 1966 and walked in space during that mission; ☾ Wrote the fictional, 'Mission to Mars' (1990)
American ☼ November 19, 1969, 3rd man to walk on the moon on Apollo 12 mission; ☼ Had served as co-pilot of the Gemini 5 mission in August 1965; ☼ Had commanded Gemini 11 in September 1966; ☼ Commander of the first crew aboard Skylab in 1973
American ☽ November 19, 1969, fourth man to walk on the moon, as lunar module pilot of Apollo 12; ☽ Member of the second crew aboard Skylab, with Owen Garriot and Jack Lousma
American ☼ November 19, 1969, piloted the command module the Yankee Clipper on the Apollo 12 mission; ☼ Had piloted Gemini 11, taking 2 space walks
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