The presentation of several ideas of equal importance by putting each of them in the same kind of grammatical structure.

A type of parallelism in which the balanced elements are presented in reverse order rather than in the same order.

Contrasts 2 ideas by placing them next to each other, almost always in a parallel structure.

Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses in a list.

The use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause.

A word or short phrase, often interrupting a sentence, used to lend emphasis to the words immediately before and after it.

A form of understatement created by denying the opposite of the idea in mind.

Anticipates an objection that might be raised by a reader and responds to it.

Involves asking one or more questions and then proceeding to answer them, usually at some length.

A striking, even extreme, implied metaphor that often makes use of a grammatical misconstruction.

A type of metaphor in which something closely associated with another thing is named instead of the other thing.

A type of metaphor in which a part of the subject is substituted for the whole, or the whole for a part.

Involves linking together 2 or more words, phrases, or clauses by another word that is stated once and implied in the rest of the sentence (i.e. one verb with multiple subjects).

Consists of a single subject linking multiple verbs or verb phrases.

Involves the reversal or transposition of words (i.e. putting a noun before the adjective)

Consists of a word, phrase, or entire sentence inserted as an aside into the middle of another sentence.

Involves the repetition of the same word(s) at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.

Involves the repetition of the same word(s) or phrase(s) at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.

Formed by the repetition of the last word(s) of a sentence or clause at or near the beginning of the next.

Reverses the order of repeated words or phrases to call attention to the final formulation, present alternatives, or show contrast.

Expresses doubt about a fact, idea, or conclusion.

Brings up a subject by pretending not to bring it up.

Uses one part of speech as if it were another (i.e. a noun as if it were a verb).

Consists of restating a word or idea and adding more detail.

Qualifies a statement or part of a statement by rejecting it or calling it back and expressing it in a different way.