1020: Ibn Sina in his Book of Healing he provided detailed explanations for the formation of mountains and the origin of _________.
1030: Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni suggested that the _________ was once covered by a sea.
1074: Shen Kua suggested a process of _________ based on findings of inland marine fossils, soil erosion, and the deposition of silt.
1603: Ulisse Aldrovandi coined the term _________. The word is derived from the Greek ge, meaning 'earth' and logos, meaning 'study of'.
1669: Nicolas Steno established the theoretical basis for _________ (law of superposition, principle of original horizontality, principle of lateral continuity).
1696: William Whiston suggested that the earth originated from the _________ of a comet and that all major changes in earth's history could be attributed to the action of comets.
1749 - 1788: Georges-Louis Leclerc found that the age of the _________ was not only 4,000 or 5,500 years as inferred from the Bible, but rather 75,000 years.
1774: Abraham Gottlob Werner suggested an obsolete geology theory that proposed rocks formed from the _________ of minerals in the early Earth's oceans.
1775: Immanuel Kant laid out the _________ hypothesis, in which he deduced that the Solar System was formed from a large cloud of gas.
1785: James Hutton theorized that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be _________ ...
... and for _________ to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea, which in turn were raised up to become dry land.
1815: William Smith credited with creating the first Britain nationwide geological map and began the process of ordering _________ by examining the fossils contained in them.
1822: Alexandre Brongniart based on his trilobite studies he made pioneering contributions to stratigraphy by developing _________ for dating strata.
1829: William Buckland coined the term _________ and used them to reconstruct ancient ecosystems; prior to this they were known as 'fossil fir cones' and 'bezoar stones'.
1830: Charles Lyell promoted the doctrine of _________ that states that slow geological processes have occurred throughout the Earth's history and are still occurring today.
1830s: Adam Sedgwick proposed the Devonian period and later the _________ period.
1837: Louis Agassiz proposed that the Earth had been subject to a past _________ and to demonstrate glacial movements.
1839: Roderick Murchison described and investigated the _________ system.
1842: Charles Darwin suggested a theory for the _________ of lagoon-islands, atolls and coral reefs.
1912: Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of _________ which hypothesized that the continents were slowly moving around the Earth.
1952: Thomas Wilson Dibblee _________ the geology of California and was the first man to map the entire San Andreas Fault.
1960: Dietz and Hess suggested the _________ theory - a process in which new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge.
1962: Stanley Keith Runcorn with his _________ of the relative motions of Europe and America revived the theory of continental drift.
1978: Gerald M. Friedman, one of the founders of modern rock _________, published with John E. Sanders, in 1978, the highly cited seminal book Principles of Sedimentology.
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