| Purpose | Component |
| Carry out operations, usually more than 2 thousand million per second | |
| Hold and connect the crucial components of the computer | |
| Store variable values and instructions to be used at a later point | |
| Generate 2D and 3D graphics and output them to a display | |
| Most of the time integrated, connect a computer to a network of computers | |
| Supply electricity to a computer's internal components | |
| A form of secondary storage, contains data such as the OS, user documents, etc. | |
| Read (and sometimes write) to an optical disc (eg., DVD) | |
| Cool parts prone to overheating | |
| | Purpose | Component |
| Main output, shows the result of previous actions and computations, usually has a separate power cord | |
| House all the internal components and provide access to USB ports, Power/Reset buttons, etc. | |
| Input text to a program | |
| Track physical movement along the two horizontal axis and has one or more 'select here' buttons | |
| Connect some internal and most external components together | |
| Output sound | |
| Decode sound | |
| Send instructions to the hardware to alter the INIT state | |
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