seals neighboring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage of molecules between them

join an actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in a neighboring cell

joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to those in a neighbor cell

forms channels that allow small water soluble molecules, including ions, to pass from cell to cell

anchors intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina

thin tough sheet of extracellular matrix; composed of a specialized type of collagen

proteins that form tight junctions

mediates mechanical attachment of one cell to another

anchor hemidesmosomes to the basal plasma membrane

protein assemblies that form channels across two plasma membranes

lie at the dead end of their developmental pathway

relatively undifferentiated cell that can continue dividing indefinitely

can be kept proliferating indefinitely but remain capable of differentiating when placed in an appropriate environment

proliferates excessively but remains clustered in a single mass

has the ability to invade surrounding tissues

secondary tumors

hyperactive protein made in normal amounts

normal protein greatly overproduced

nearby regulatory DNA sequence causes normal protein to be overproduced OR fusion to actively transcribed gene produces hyperactive fusion protein

mutant form of proto-oncogene

gene that normally inhibits progress through the cell cycle

technique for generating personalized ES cells

cloning of entire multicellular animals

continuous ring of adherins junctions around each interacting epithelial cell, below the tight junctions

adult cells transformed to look and behave like ES cells

fibrous protein that is a major component of the extracellular matrix and connective tissue