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Logic
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Logic Study Guide Stats
Can you name the Logic Sheet of Truth?
By
jsaf17
20m
77 Questions
22 Plays
22 Plays
22 Plays
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Avg Score
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Score Distribution
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Score
0/77
Timer
20:00
0
Plays Today
Term
Answer
% Correct
Logic
The form or language of thought
59.1%
Conclusion
The point
54.5%
Formal logic
Uses symbols in an artificial language generally considered either a species or the genus of mathematics
50%
Premise
Statement intended to support a point
45.5%
Inference
The activity whereby the premises support the point
40.9%
Informal logic
uses the words of a living spoken natural language and includes informal fallacies analogical reasoning and evaluating probabilities and statistics
36.4%
Argument
One or more statements intended to make a point
36.4%
Validity
If premises are true conclusion can't be false
31.8%
Soundness
Validity through actually true premises
31.8%
Cogency
Strength through actually true premises
31.8%
Strength
Percent chance that the conclusion is (or will be) true
27.3%
Informal fallacies
Inductive mistakes not due merely to the falsity of premises
27.3%
Appeal to force
A threatens B
27.3%
Appeal to pity
A elicits pity from B
27.3%
Accident
Rule applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover
22.7%
Deductive inference
Yields necessary truth (typically universal down to particular)
22.7%
Inductive inference
Yields probable truth (typically particular up to universal)
22.7%
Appeal to the people
A arouses mob mentality or appeals to B's desire for security, validation, love, etc.
22.7%
Ad hominem
A1 verbally abuses A2, or presents A2 as predisposed to argue this way, or as a hypocrite
22.7%
Straw man
A1 distorts A2's argument and then attacks the distorted version
22.7%
Missing the point
Conclusion drawn is not the one supported by the premises
22.7%
Red herring
A leads B off track
22.7%
Appeal to unqualified authority
A cites untrustworthy authority
22.7%
Appeal to ignorance
Premises say nothing's known, then conclusion is drawn
22.7%
Hasty generalization
Conclusion is drawn from atypical example
22.7%
False cause
Conclusion depends on nonexistent or minor causal connection
22.7%
Slippery slope
Conclusion depends on unlikely chain reaction
22.7%
Weak analogy
Conclusion depends on defective analogy
22.7%
Begging the question
Leaving out key premise, restating premise as conclusion, or reasoning in a circle
22.7%
Complex question
Multiple questions are concealed in a single question
22.7%
Composition
Attribute is wrongly transferred from parts to whole
22.7%
Division
Attribute is wrongly transferred from whole to parts
22.7%
Sampling
The selection of cases from the population to serve as the sample set
22.7%
False dichotomy
'Either...or...' statement hides additional alternatives
18.2%
Suppressed evidence
A ignores key evidence that leads to different conclusion
18.2%
Amphiboly
Conclusion depends on wrong interpretation of a syntactically ambiguous statement
18.2%
Analogical Reasoning
fundamental; compares instances (particular to particular)
18.2%
Random sampling
A blind selection process, yields most accurate results
18.2%
Equivocation
Conclusion depends on shift in meaning in a word or phrase
13.6%
Term
Answer
% Correct
Argument from analogy
Reverse engineered account of the intuitive inference
13.6%
Primary analogue(s)
The entity being drawn on for comparison [Phenomenon A]
13.6%
Secondary analogue(s)
The entity being sought by the comparison [Phenomenon B]
13.6%
Relevance of the similarities
More relevant= stronger
13.6%
Number of similarities
More similarities= stronger
13.6%
Nature and degree of disanalogy
Fewer differences= stronger
13.6%
Number of primary analogues
More primary analogues= stronger
13.6%
Diversity among the primary analogues
More differences= stronger
13.6%
Specificity of the conclusion
Less specific= stronger
13.6%
Common applications
Legal, judicial, scientific, moral and everyday reasoning
13.6%
Probabilistic reasoning
Critiquing mathematical predictions about the future
13.6%
Classical theory
P(A)= f over n
13.6%
Relative frequency theory
P(A)= f(o) over n(o)
13.6%
Statistical reasoning
Critiquing mathematical claims about the present
13.6%
Subjectivist theory
Odds a person would be willing to accept [odds(A)= f: u]
9.1%
Probability calculus
Applicable for all 3 versions
9.1%
General conjunction rule
P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B given A)
9.1%
Bias
Innaccuracy (often intentional) due to non-blind sampling
9.1%
Median
Middle value in a series of values
4.5%
Mode
Most common value
4.5%
Mean
Average of values
4.5%
Distribution
The location of the values when plotted on an X-Y coordinate system
4.5%
X-
axis
Possible values (scores) from smaller to larger
4.5%
Y-
axis
Possible number of values (cases) from smaller to larger
4.5%
Coordinates (X,Y)
Indicates how many values (cases) possess one value (score)
4.5%
Dispersion
Values' spread, can be larger or smaller
4.5%
Standard deviation
Values' average distance from mean
4.5%
Normal distribution
Tendency of large, random samples to cluster around mean
4.5%
Statistical significance
Likelihood that a statistical result is not merely due to chance; achieved when the p-value is smaller than the critical p-value
4.5%
P-
value
Probability that a particular event happened by chance
4.5%
Critical p-
value
Probability that a particular event did not happen by chance
4.5%
General disjunction rule
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
0%
Negation rule
P(A) = 1 – P(not A)
0%
Margin of error
Estimated difference between sample's mean and population's mean; larger samples mean less error; indicator of a sample's size and randomness
0%
Average
Three types, often unreliable when presented in isolation
0%
Origin
Point where X and Y meet, not necessarily at 0,0; often presented in order to make results seem more or less significant than they are
0%
Range
Difference between a sample's highest and lowest value
0%
0%
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Last Updated: May 11, 2017
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