| Term | Answer |
| Logic | |
| Formal logic | |
| Informal logic | |
| Argument | |
| Premise | |
| Conclusion | |
| Inference | |
| Deductive inference | |
| Validity | |
| Soundness | |
| Inductive inference | |
| Strength | |
| Cogency | |
| Informal fallacies | |
| Appeal to force | |
| Appeal to pity | |
| Appeal to the people | |
| Ad hominem | |
| Accident | |
| Straw man | |
| Missing the point | |
| Red herring | |
| Appeal to unqualified authority | |
| Appeal to ignorance | |
| Hasty generalization | |
| False cause | |
| | Term | Answer |
| Slippery slope | |
| Weak analogy | |
| Begging the question | |
| Complex question | |
| False dichotomy | |
| Suppressed evidence | |
| Equivocation | |
| Amphiboly | |
| Composition | |
| Division | |
| Analogical Reasoning | |
| Argument from analogy | |
| Primary analogue(s) | |
| Secondary analogue(s) | |
| Relevance of the similarities | |
| Number of similarities | |
| Nature and degree of disanalogy | |
| Number of primary analogues | |
| Diversity among the primary analogues | |
| Specificity of the conclusion | |
| Common applications | |
| Probabilistic reasoning | |
| Classical theory | |
| Relative frequency theory | |
| Subjectivist theory | |
| Probability calculus | |
| | Term | Answer |
| General conjunction rule | |
| General disjunction rule | |
| Negation rule | |
| Statistical reasoning | |
| Sampling | |
| Random sampling | |
| Bias | |
| Margin of error | |
| Average | |
| Median | |
| Mode | |
| Mean | |
| Distribution | |
| X-axis | |
| Y-axis | |
| Coordinates (X,Y) | |
| Origin | |
| Dispersion | |
| Range | |
| Standard deviation | |
| Normal distribution | |
| Statistical significance | |
| P-value | |
| Critical p-value | |
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