| Description | Ideology | Countries with Prominent Parties |
|---|
| Focuses on individual freedoms; in Europe usually refers to free-market capitalism, while in America advocates varyi | |
| Promotes a mixed economy, usually resulting in a kind of reformed capitalism characterized by government regulation of the economy and a democratic welfare state. | |
| Seeks to combine radical and authoritarian nationalism with a corporatist economic system, often through a dictatorship. | |
| Separate from most political ideologies, specifically aims to establish more rights and legal protections for women. | |
| Promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general. | |
| Characterized by an emphasis on the authority of the state, typically controlled by non-elected rulers who usually permit some degree of individual freedom. | |
| Heavily promotes one nation over others; generally sees the ‘people’ as the nation and rejects states made up of multiple national groups; often secessionist. | |
| Applies Christian principles to public policy, thus usually conservative on social issues; in Europe, generally favor market economies; in Latin America, often more progressive. | |
| | Description | Ideology | Countries with Prominent Parties |
|---|
| Considers the state, as compulsory government, to be unnecessary, harmful, and/or undesirable, and favors the absence of the state. | |
| Emphasizes enforcement of Shari’a law, unity and rejection of many aspects of Western culture. Also varies widely in specific political viewpoints. | |
| Theory of economic organization advocating public or direct worker ownership and administration of the means of production and allocation of resources. | |
| Promotes moderate ideologies, usually falling somewhere in the middle between the political right and left. | |
| Places a high importance on environmental goals, and on achieving these goals through broad-based, grassroots, participatory democracy. | |
| Advocates the maximization of individual liberty and the minimization or even abolition of the state. Usually heavily pro-consumer, though this varies. | |
| Advocates institutions and traditional practices, which have developed organically within a nation over a period of time. Views vary widely from place to place. | |
|
Longest Serving Senators
Countries by 1990 Leaders
Countries by 1970 Leaders
