| Definition | Term |
|---|
| policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group | |
| constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women right to vote | |
| 1971 SC decision that upheld a claim of gender discrimination | |
| legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people over the age of 18 by the Twenty-sixth Amendment | |
| 1944 SC decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WWII | |
| Literacy tests and poll taxes did not apply to people who had ancestors that had voted before Civil War | |
| 1995 SC decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, shoud be presumed | |
| prohibits slavery | |
| SC standard for judges use for matters of race | |
| constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that equality of rights under the law shall not be denied by US or state | |
| small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at a time of year when poor African-American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand; declared void by Twenty-fourth Am | |
| constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections | |
| outcomes for all, restricting inequalities | |
| racial segregation by law | |
| law passed in 1990 requiring employers and public facilities to make 'reasonable accommodations' for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals | |
| law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination | |
| 1857 SC decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories | |
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