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The probability of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury, disease, death, economic loss, or damage.
The process of using statistical methods to estimate how much harm a particular hazard can cause to human health or the environment.
An organism that can cause disease in another organism.
Caused when a pathogen such as a bacterium, virus, or parasite invades the body and multiplies in its cells and tissues
An infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.
Caused by something other than a living organism and does not spread from one person to another.
Newly discovered diseases that were absent in human populations
Chemicals, types of radiation, or certain viruses that can cause or promote cancer
Includes chemicals or forms of radiation that cause or increase the frequency of mutations in the DNA molecules found in cells
Chemicals that cause harm or birth defects to a fetus or embryo
The amount of a harmful chemical that a person has ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin
The damage to health resulting from exposure to a chemical
The study of harmful effects of chemicals on humans and other organisms
A measure of the harmfulness of a substance
A chart that estimates the toxicity of a chemical by determining the effects of various doses of the chemical
involves deciding whether or how to reduce a particular risk to a certain level and at what cost.
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