| Description of Idea | Philosopher | Philosophical School/Tradition |
| 'The struggle itself toward the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy.' | |
| 'Again, men in general desire the good, and not merely what their fathers had.' | |
| Sentences may not be only true or false but meaningless because of inconsistent uses of language (Theory of Types). | |
| 'Our reason is always disappointed by the inconstancy of appearances.' | |
| 'He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.' | |
| 'The whole is a riddle, an aenigma, an inexplicable mystery. Doubt, uncertainty, suspence of judgment appear the only result of our most accurate scrutiny, concerning this subject. | |
| Making money by wrong-doing is the 'worst of all things.' | |
| Man suffers from too much civilization. | |
| Experiments are essential to the testing of theories. | |
| God is dead, a new era of human creativity and achievement is at hand. | |
| 'The History of the world is none other than the progress of the consciousness of Freedom.' | |
| 'Any man more right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.' | |
| One ought to treat all rational beings as ends in themselves and never merely as means. | |
| 'Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains.' | |
| 'A man is what he wills himself to be.' | |
| | Description of Idea | Philosopher | Philosophical School/Tradition |
| 'Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure.' | |
| 'The end of Law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge Freedom.' | |
| 'We have a right, also, in various ways, to act upon our unfavourable opinion of any one, not to the oppression of his individuality, but in the exercise of ours.' | |
| 'The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.' | |
| The rational individual should have no fear of death, because it is a natural event of life. | |
| 'Everyone is the other, and no one is himself.' | |
| 'Que sais-je?' | |
| 'The soul is the prison of the body.' | |
| Only the Philosopher who has achieved true knowledge is fit to rule. | |
| 'Cogito, ergo sum.' | |
| 'One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.' | |
| 'The unexamined life is not worth living.' | |
| 'Do not that to another, which thou wouldst not have done to thyself.' | |
| 'Love truth, but pardon error.' | |
| 'Perfectibility is one of the most unequivocal characteristics of the human species.' | |
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