| Question | Answer | Extra Info |
|---|
| Complete PFTs include spirometry, lung volumes, and _______ capacity. | |
| Name a relevant history for ILDs. | |
| ______ aka Hamman-Rich Syndrome is rare. Acute presentation with fever, cough, dyspnea*1-2 wk | |
| Sarcoidosis Stage __: Fibrotic lung disease. Marked scarring and parenchymal distortion in the upper lobes. Bulla formation and cavities. | |
| ILD treatment is steroids then ______, but response isn't always great. | |
| Obstructive or Restrictive: Characterized by a limitation of expiratory airflow so that airways cannot empty as rapidly compared to normal. Examples are Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasi | |
| _______ aka Hamman-Rich Syndrome. 60% mortality within 6 months. | |
| Inflammatory disease characterized by presence of noncaseating granuloma. | |
| Underlying Histopathology: Starts with inflammation the interstitial tissues. Ultimately leads to fibrosis (irreversible scarring) of the alveolar walls. Histo patterns of UIP, NIP | |
| Sarcoidosis Stage __: Nodular parenchymal infiltrates. Large pulmonary artery. | |
| Tissue diagnosis of ILD include bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage or transbronchial biopsy and ______ biopsy. | |
| The most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Male predominance. | |
| About ___% of the time, we see ILD in patients with occupational exposures to different kinds of dust, with connective tissue diseases or medication reactions. | |
| CXR with diffuse bilateral opacification. HRCT ground glass attenuation, air space consolidation. Fulminant course with rapid development of ARDS. | |
| Known or Unknown ILD: 60-70%. Occupational and environmental exposures. | |
| Respiratory symptoms of ILD include progressive exertional dyspnea and persistent usually nonproductive ______. | |
| Known or Unknown ILD: 30-40%. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Idiopathic conditions that have distinct histology, clinical features, and so are considered unique diseases. | |
| Sarcoidosis Stage __: Lymphadenopathy with parenchymal changes. Apical predominance. Diaphragm flattened suggests hyperinflation. | |
| Underlying Histopathology: Accumulation of T lymphocytes, macrophages, epitheliod cells organized into discrete structures in the parenchyma. Can progress to fibrosis. | |
| Functional Evaluation of ILD include ______, ABGs, and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. | |
| | Question | Answer | Extra Info |
|---|
| Incidental finding on CXR for ILD include interstitial opacities in a reticular, nodular, or reticulonodular pattern. _______ lymphadenopathy for early stage Sarcoidosis. | |
| The most common radiographic abnormality of ILD is a _______ pattern. | |
| Sarcoidosis Stage __: Hilar lymphadenopathy without parenchymal infiltrates. | |
| Asbestosis latency is roughly ___ years from first exposure. Radiographic findings are interstitial disease and pleural plaques and/or calcifications. | |
| Imaging method for ILD that distinguishes airspace from interstitial disease, better assesses extent and distribution of disease. It is more likely to detect underlying disease. | |
| Mineral fiber that was used for insulation of steam pipes, houses, brake pads from the early 20th century through late 1970s when it was outlawed and abatement began. | |
| As many as 10% of patients with ILD will have a normal CXR, especially those with _________ pneumonitis. | |
| ILD affects the interstitial tissues in the lung parenchyma. They cause dyspnea, show up with reticular opacification on imaging and a ______ defect on PFTs. | |
| COPD tends to affect airways while RLD tends to affect the lung _____. | |
| Occupational lung disease caused by dust inhalation. | |
| ______ of the fingers is when the distal part of the finger is enlarged compared to the proximal part | |
| Cytotoxics have variable success for ILD. Cyclophosphamide and azathioprine are tried first. Then wait ____ weeks to reassess. | |
| IPF has poor response to therapy with 50-70% mortality in ____ years. | |
| Mainstain therapy for ILD despite low success rate. Usually, start therapy, re-evaluate in 4-12 weeks, try to taper to maintenance dose. | |
| ILDs have a very poor prognosis of either inexorable progression (asbestosis) or ______ compromise (IPF, UIP, AIP) | |
| Imaging workup of ILD include CXR and ______. | |
| Miliary nodules can be found in Sarcoidosis and ____. | |
| Present with chronic onset (>12wk) exertional dyspnea, nonproductive cough, inspiratory crackles with or without digital clubbing. HRCT shows patchy, basilar, subpleural opacities. | |
| Obstructive or Restrictive: Characterized by reduced lung volumes and decreased lung compliance. Examples include Interstitial Fibrosis, Scoliosis (severe), Obesity, Lung Resection | |
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