| Description | Term |
| The amount of energy (per unit mass) required to transform a substance from one phase to another, at the transition temperature. | |
| The amount of electrical charge that a pair of conductors can hold per unit of voltage between them. | |
| The quantity measuring the state of disorder of a physical system, or equivalently the logarithm of the number of states accessible to the system. | |
| The average distance a gas molecule travels before colliding with another gas molecule. | |
| The mathematical representation of a quantity possessing both magnitude and direction. | |
| The rate at which energy is added to or removed from a physical system. | |
| The apparent bending or spreading of a wave as it passes through an aperture or encounters an obstacle. | |
| The change in direction of a wave due to a change in its velocity when passing from one medium to another. | |
| The rate of change of an object's velocity. | |