| A play on words often using homonyms or homophones as its basis. |
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| A story with a symbolic or metaphorical meaning. |
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| A 'false name' or alias used by a writer desiring not to use his or her real name. |
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| Clear and detailed descriptions which appeal to our five senses. |
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| Two or more words that sound the same but have different meanings. E.g. bear and bare. |
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| A form of speech or an expression which is unique to a particular language. |
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| Repetition of consonant sounds |
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| When the meaning of something is intended to be the opposite of what is usually expected. |
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| A word that describes an action (verb). |
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| Repeated words or ideas throughout a text. |
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| Technical or subject specific terms. |
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| Repetition of vowel sounds |
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| A comparison where one thing is said or actually presented to be something else. |
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| When something in a text refers to something from another text. |
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| Dramatic exaggeration of something. |
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| To make reference to another literary text, to religion, to a myth, place, time or work of art. |
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| Providing background information on characters in a text. Includes family history, past experiences, childhood etc. |
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| A word that describes a thing (a noun). |
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| A question which is posed but not expected to be answered aloud by the reader. |
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| Two or more words that are spelt the same but have different meanings. |
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| A word which is used in place of another word which might be offensive or upsetting. |
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| Everyday common speech/ colloquial language |
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| When there is no rhyming scheme in a poem. |
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| Having a distanced or unbiased perspective without considering opinions or personal feelings |
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| The writer's attitude toward his readers and his subject; his mood or moral view. |
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| Ideas beyond or outside the literal denotation of words. |
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| Words that imitate or suggest the source of the sounds that they describe. |
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| A pointless or redundant repetition of meaning, |
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| When an object represents an idea/thought/feeling outside of itself. |
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| Refer to persons, places, things, states, or qualities. |
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| Two words side by side which contradict each other in meaning. |
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| Mocking / making fun of something that is normally serious in its nature. |
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| A word opposite in meaning to another |
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| A humourous imitation of another piece of work. |
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| Showing personal opinions and feelings about something. |
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| A phrase that is overused. |
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| A comparison of two things or ideas using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’. |
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| Giving human qualities to something that is not human. E.g. the sun smiling, the trees dancing. |
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| A seemingly self-contradictory statement or proposition that is actually well founded or true. |
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| A comparison of one situation to a similar situation. |
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| The placement of two contradictory ideas/words/images next to one another |
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| The art of effective or persuasive speaking and writing |
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| The recurrence of similar consonant sounds |
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| The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is |
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Most Spoken Languages 
Commonest English Words 
Giant Word Ladder I
